Pedi Exam 5 Memorization

ch. 29 - what is the most common childhood cancer?

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

ch. 29 - in tumor lysis syndrome, which electrolyte is low?

calcium is low

ch. 29 - what is a key safety rule when giving chemotherapy vesicants?

ensure a free-flowing IV line

ch. 29 - what diagnosis is suggested by a painless abdominal mass in a child?

Wilms tumor

ch. 29 - what symptom is classic for increased ICP in brain tumors?

morning headache with vomiting

ch. 29 - what is a hallmark sign of Hodgkin lymphoma?

cervical or supraclavicular lymph node enlargement

ch. 29 - what is the critical nursing warning for Wilms tumor?

do not palpate the abdomen

ch. 29 - what ANC level indicates severe neutropenia?

ANC <500

ch. 30 – what is the earliest indicator of neurologic change in a child?

LOC

ch. 30 – what infant signs suggest increased ICP?

bulging fontanel, separated sutures, high-pitched cry

ch. 30 – why is a lumbar puncture contraindicated in increased ICP?

it can cause brainstem herniation

ch. 30 – what pupil change is a surgical emergency?

a sudden fixed and dilated pupil

ch. 30 – what is the purpose of the GCS?

to assess level and depth of coma

ch. 30 – what is the priority intervention during any seizure?

maintain airway and place child side-lying

ch. 30 – what is the major complication 48–72 hours after a submersion injury?

aspiration pneumonia

ch. 30 – what triggers Reye’s syndrome in children?

aspirin use after flu or varicella

ch. 30 – what is the hallmark symptom of hydrocephalus in infants?

rapid head growth with bulging fontanel

ch. 31 – what is the treatment for GH deficiency?

SQ GH injections at bedtime

ch. 31 – what key finding differentiates DI from SIADH?

DI has massive dilute urine; SIADH has fluid retention and hyponatremia

ch. 31 – what is the priority nursing action for a child with SIADH?

fluid restriction and close sodium/neuro monitoring

ch. 31 – what is the hallmark sign of juvenile hypothyroidism?

slow growth with fatigue and constipation

ch. 31 – what electrolyte imbalance is associated with hypoparathyroidism?

low calcium causing tetany and positive Chvostek/Trousseau signs

ch. 31 – what is the emergency treatment priority in adrenal crisis?

IV fluids and steroids with electrolyte monitoring

ch. 31 – what are the classic symptoms of T1D?

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss

ch. 31 – what is the first treatment for mild hypoglycemia?

give 10-15 g of fast-acting carbohydrates

ch. 33 – what is the priority assessment for any child with a fracture?

neurovascular checks (circulation, movement, sensation)

ch. 33 – what cast finding suggests possible infection?

a warm or “hot spot” on the cast

ch. 33 – what is the first treatment for a contusion?

apply a cold compress immediately

ch. 33 – what pediatric dislocation is most common?

nursemaid’s elbow

ch. 33 – what is the priority action for suspected slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)?

make the child non-weight bearing immediately

ch. 33 – what condition presents with blue sclera and frequent fractures?

osteogenesis imperfecta type 1

ch. 33 – what triad defines the female athlete triad?

amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorder

ch. 33 – what are the hallmark signs of heat exhaustion?

cold clammy skin, heavy sweating, dizziness, syncope

ch. 33 – what eye condition is uniquely associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

iridocyclitis

ch. 34 – what infant group is at highest risk for developing cerebral palsy?

preterm ELBW/VLBW infants

ch. 34 – what type of cerebral palsy is most common?

spastic cerebral palsy

ch. 34 – what is the priority nursing action for a newborn with myelomeningocele?

cover the sac with sterile moist dressing and keep the infant prone

ch. 34 – what finding characterizes a “floppy infant”?

marked hypotonia with head lag and weak suck

ch. 34 – what pattern of weakness is typical in Guillain-Barré syndrome?

ascending bilateral paralysis with loss of reflexes

ch. 34 – what is the hallmark early sign of tetanus?

trismus (lockjaw) due to muscle rigidity

ch. 34 – what food source is strongly associated with infant botulism?

honey

ch. 34 – what is the first priority intervention for autonomic dysreflexia?

sit the child upright and loosen tight clothing

ch. 34 – what classic sign indicates Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Gower sign

ch. 34 – what key sign differentiates spinal muscular atrophy from other neuromuscular disorders?

profound hypotonia with absent DTRs

review - toddler reaction to hospitalization?

regression + clinginess

review - post-tonsillectomy biggest danger sign?

frequent swallowing = bleeding

review - epiglottitis priority action?

do not use tongue blade; prepare to intubate

review - red flag in Down syndrome with neck pain?

atlantoaxial instability

review - impetigo hallmark?

honey-colored crusts

review - suspected blood tranfusion reaction first action?

stop transfusion; keep IV open with normal saline