AP Review Questions Biological Bases

Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron?

Synapses

After sustaining a traumatic injury, Russ is having difficulty comprehending the meaning of words. Which of the following parts of his brain has most likely been damaged?

Wernicke’s area

Joel’s pupils become dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling his bodily changes?

Sympathetic

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?

The occipital lobe

Which of he following structures is most closely associated with communication between the central nervous system and endocrine system?

Hypothalamus

The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

Limbic system

Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of sensory cortex devoted to it?

Face

The brain’s ability to adapt after it is damaged is know as

Plasticity

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Damage to Wernicke’s area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in

understanding language

Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Photoreceptors, hypothalmus, pineal gland

Which of the following brain structures is most associated with the emotions of fear?

Amygdala

Which of the following brain structures has the strongest influence on hunger and satiety?

Hypothalamus

The pituitary gland is controlled by the

Hypothalamus

Which of the following conditions most often results from having an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down syndrome

Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin of neurons in the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain, The person’s reaction is most directly enabled by

A spinal reflex

What part of the brain is like a headband

Somatosensory cortex

The limbic system is most closely associated with

emotions

During the high-wire act, Grace walks along a ropes suspended 30 feet above the circus floor. Which of the following is most involved in helping Grace coordinate her movements and maintain her balance during the performance?

Cerebellum

Nervousness can result is faster and more shallow breathing as well as a racing heart, This is due to activation of the

Sympathetic nervous system