NEWTON'S LAWS

Normal force

The force exerted by a surface on an object it is in contact with.

Net force

The combined effect of all the forces acting on an object.

Weight

The gravitational attraction that pulls on an object towards the Earth.

Weightlessness

The property where a body has no force supporting it, meaning it is in free fall.

Frictional force

The force that opposes the motion of an object in contact with a surface.

Static Friction (Fs)

The force that must be overcome to move a stationary object.

Kinetic Friction (Fk)

The force that slows an object down.

Inertia

The inherent property of matter to resist changes in its state of motion, including changes to speed or direction.

Mass

The quantity of matter of an object.

Newton’s First Law

An object continues in a state of rest or velocity unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton’s Second Law

When a net force is applied to an object of mass, the object will accelerate in the direction of the net force applied, the acceleration is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Newton’s Third Law

When object A exerts a force on object B, Object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on Object A.

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the square of distance between them.

Gravitational Force Formula

g = Gm1/d², where g is the gravitational force between two masses.

When on a horizontal surface

The weight and normal force are equal in size (N = W).

W parallel (W//)

Parallel weight pulling the object down the slope, calculated as W// = W.sin A.

W perpendicular

Perpendicular weight that pushes the objects into the ramp or surface, represented as N = W.cos A.

Force acting on an angle

Fx = F.sin A and Fy = F.cos A.

Tension (T) in hanging blocks

In the 60kg block, T acts as an opposing force, while weight acts as the applying force. In the 40 kg block, T acts as the applied force, whereas weight is the opposing force.