Biology Form 5 Chapter 1: Organisation of Plant Tissues and Growth

Flashcards for Biology Form 5 Chapter 1: Organisation of Plant Tissues and Growth, focusing on vocabulary.

Tissues

Groups of cells that perform similar specialisation, possess similar structures, and perform specific functions.

Meristematic tissues

Plant tissues divided into apical meristems and lateral meristems (cambiums).

Permanent tissues

Plant tissues categorised into epidermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue.

Epidermal tissue

Covers the outer surfaces of leaf, stem, root, flower, fruit and seed; protects tissues underneath; reduces water loss.

Ground tissue

Fills the space between epidermal and vascular tissues.

Parenchyma tissue

Consists of the simplest cells; stores food and water; provides support to herbal plants; carries out photosynthesis.

Collenchyma tissue

Provides mechanical support for young plants, herbal plants and non-woody plants; cells are thickened with pectin and cellulose.

Sclerenchyma tissue

Provide mechanical support for matured plant; cells are uniformly thickened with lignin; most cells are dead at maturity.

Xylem tissue

Transports water and other materials: consists of xylem vessels and tracheids.

Phloem tissue

Transports organic materials from leaves to other parts of the plant: consists of sieve tubes, companion cells and parenchyma cells.

Meristematic tissues

Actively dividing tissues or cells which have not divided yet; consist of small cells with big nuclei, thin wall and no vacuole.

Apical meristems

Located at the tip of shoot and tip of root; produce new cells for growth by mitosis.

Lateral meristems

Located between xylem vessel and phloem; responsible for secondary growth which increases the girths of stem and root.

Cell division zone

Cells divide actively by mitosis.

Cell elongation zone

Cells elongate by absorbing water and form big vacuoles.

Cell differentiation zone

Cells differentiate to become specialised cells.

Growth

Changes that occur in an organism such as increase in cell number, volume, size, and mass.

Primary growth

Elongation of its shoot and root.

Secondary growth

Increases the girth of stem and root.

Annual plant

A plant that dies after it has completed its life cycle.

Biennial plant

A plant that takes two years or two seasons to complete its life cycle.

Perennial plant

A plant that lives more than two years.

Growth curve

A growth pattern of a plant represented in a graph.

Growth rate

The total growth of a plant per unit time.

Auxanometer

Pulley system-based tool to measure the increase of growth in plants.