Study Cards C875 WGU

Which term describes the position of the fallopian tubes relative the uterus?

Lateral

Which terms describe the position of the nose relative to the eyes?

Medial and inferior

Which terms describe the position of the kidneys relative to the urinary bladder?

Superior and lateral

Which level of organization is more complex than the brain?

Nervous system

Which type of heart valve prevents the backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle?

Aortic

Which structure covers the larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis

Which chamber of the heart does blood enter as it returns from the body?

Right atrium

Which structure collects blood from above the level of the diaphragm in the process of systemic circulation?

Superior vena cava

Which order represents air flow during nasal inhalation?

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea

Which structure do the left pulmonary veins drain into?

Left atrium

Through which structure does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

Inferior vena cava

What describes oxygen concentration in external respiration?

It is higher in the alveoli than in the pulmonary capillaries.

What are the two phases of pulmonary ventilation?

Inspiration and expiration

What is the most common site of fertilization in the reproductive system?

Fallopian tube

In which order does an unfertilized egg pass through the reproductive system?

Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, vagina

Which structure acts as a funnel for urine flowing out of the kidney?

Renal pelvis

Which structure does the ureter receive urine from?

Renal pelvis

Which renal process removes substances that are difficult to filter out?

Secretion

Which structure carries the sperm from the testes to the prostate?

Ductus deferens

What is the correct order of sperm transportation from testes to ejaculation?

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Which two hormones does the corpus luteum secrete after ovulation?

Estrogen and progesterone

Which hormonal change is required at the onset of puberty to trigger the process of spermatogenesis?

Increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A woman has increased levels of inhibin in her circulation. What would be an expected effect?

Decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

Immune defense in the central nervous system

Which structure is connective tissue that protects the brain?

Meninges

Which lobe is involved in planning and foresight?

Frontal

What is the olfactory nerve's function?

Smell sense

Which cranial nerve controls tongue movements?

Hypoglossal nerve

Place the structures of the path the olfactory stimuli travels through the nervous system in order from first (1) to last (4).

Olfactory receptor neurons, Olfactory bulb, Mitral cells, Brain

Which structure acts as an auditory receptor in the cochlea?

Hair cell

What is a neurostransmitter?

A chemical signal that crosses a synapse

What triggers the release of the neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse?

An action potential at the axon terminal

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?

Soma

Which neurons send sensory information toward the central nervous system?

Afferent neurons

Which area initially receives information about colors of objects?

Occipital

Which structure changes shape to focus light onto the retina?

Lens

Which structure is the "master gland" of the endocrine system?

Adrenal Gland

Which structure produces a substance used to digest and absorb lipids?

Liver

Where are the majority of water and electrolytes absorbed in the digestive system?

Small intestine

Where does protein digestion begin?

in the stomach with pepsin

In which segment of the small intestine are the bile and pancreatic enzymes added in the digestive process

Duodenum

What is the liver's main function in the digestive system?

Produces bile

What is the gallbladder's main function in the digestive system?

Stores and concentrates the bile

What is the Small intestine's main function in the digestive system?

Absorbs most of the nutrients

What is the Pancreas's main function in the digestive system?

Produces potent digestive enzymes

Which structure do ingested substances pass through to enter the duodenum?

Pyloric sphincter

Which structure is located between the small intestine and the large intestine?

Ileocecal valve

Where are drugs injected into the skin?

Hypodermis

Which layer of the skin is rich in keratin?

Epidermis

What helps stabilize joints?

Ligaments

Which cells form new bone material?

Osteoblasts

What cells break down and reabsorb the bone?

Osteoclasts

Which cells are mature bone cells that act as sensors for repair?

Osteocytes

What is a sarcomere?

The basic contraction unit of a muscle fiber

What binds to troponin to allow actin and myosin to bind?

Calcium

Which muscle is antagonistic to the action of the biceps brachii?

Triceps brachii

Which muscle is the antagonist of the iliopsoas?

Gluteus maximus

Which muscle is the antagonist of the pectoralis major?

Deltoid

Which muscle is the antagonist of the Carpi Radiaolis and Flexor caprpi ulnaris?

Extensor carpi Radialis

Which muscle is the antagonist of the flexor digitorum profundus?

Extensor digitorum

Which muscle is the antagonist of the hamstring group?

Quadriceps group

Which muscle is the antagonist of the tibialis anterior?

Gastrocnemius

Which muscle is the antagonist of the soleus?

tibialis anterior

What is a characteristic of smooth muscles?

They are responsible for bowel movement.

Which types of muscles are striated?

skeletal and cardiac

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

Red bone marrow

Which structure collects lymph from the interstitial space?

Lymphatic capillaries

What order does lymph travel?

Lymph capillaries, lymph vessel, lymph ducts, venous vessels, lymph nodes

Which structure removes damaged erythrocytes?

Spleen

What sensory information does the pineal gland receive?

Light

Where do T cells mature?

Thymus

Which structure produces mineralocorticoids?

Adrenal cortex

Due to a change in diet, a person has not consumed sufficient calcium for several weeks. Which hormone would be increased in this person's blood?

Parathyroid hormone

A person has become mildly dehydrated. Which hormone will be secreted at increased rates?

Vasopressin

Which hormone decreases urine output?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone results in decreased blood calcium?

Calcitonin

Which hormone is released in response to a decrease in the blood glucose level?

Glucagon

Which hormonal changes occur with menopause?

Decreased estrogen and decreased progesterone

The anterior pituitary releases excess adrenocorticotropic hormone.Which effect do you expect to see on other hormones?

Increased cortisol, decreased corticotropin releasing hormone

What is lymph?

Interstitial fluids that have entered the lymph vessels

Which lymphatic structure is a reservoir for blood?

Spleen

Where is growth hormone produced?

Anterior Pituitary

Where is the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) produced?

Anterior Pituitary

Where is adrenocorticotropic hormone produced?

anterior pituitary

Where are gonadotrophins produced?

anterior pituitary

Where is prolactin procuded?

anterior pituitary

What is the effect of prolactin?

stimulates milk production

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin found?

Posterior Pituitary

What is the effect of vasopressin?

Stimulates water re-absorption

Where is oxytocin produced?

posterior pituitary

What is the effect of oxytocin?

stimulates contractions of uterus and mammary glands

Where is calcitonin produced?

thyroid gland

What is the effect of calcitonin?

Lowers blood calcium levels

Where is parathyroid hormone (PTH) procuded?

Parathyroid Gland

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone?

Raise blood calcium levels

Where is the mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) produced?

Adrenal Gland Cortex

What is the effect of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)?

Water balance

Where is glucocorticoids (cortisol) procuded?

Adrenal Gland Cortex

What is the effect of glucocorticoids (cortisol)?

Immune Function, Macromolecule metabolism

Where is glucocorticolds (cortisol) procuded?

Adrenal Gland Cortex