Face, Scalp, Parotid, and Temporal Regions

caput

cephalohematoma

facial nerve (CN VII)

• motor

• innervates muscles of facial expression

• passes through parotid gland: separates gland into superficial (lateral to nerve) and deep (medial to nerve) lobes; enters posterior border of gland after leaving stylomastoid foramen; within gland, bifurcates into superior (or temporofacial) and inferior (cervicofacial) division

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

• motor and sensory

• innervates muscles of mastication

ophthalmic nerve

• CN V₁

• sensory nerve

• enters superior orbital fissure

maxillary nerve

• CN V₂

• sensory nerve

• enters foramen rotundum

mandibular nerve

• CN V₃

• sensory and motor nerve

• enters foramen ovale

branches of the external carotid artery

• superior thyroid artery

• ascending pharyngeal artery

• lingual artery

• facial artery

• occipital artery

• posterior auricular artery

• maxillary artery

• superficial temporal artery

temporalis muscle

• origin: temporal fossa

• insertion: coronoid process of mandible

• actions: mastication (elevates mandible (closes mouth), retracts mandible (pulls jaw posteriorly))

lateral pterygoid

• superior head origin: greater wing of sphenoid

• inferior head origin: lateral wall of lateral pterygoid plate

• insertion: both heads converge into a tendon that attaches to neck of mandible near TMJ

• actions: mastication; bilateral protraction of mandible (pushes jaw forwards), unilateral contralateral jaw movement

pterygopalatine fossa

• fat-filled space on lateral side of skull (between infratemporal fossa and nasopharynx)

• major neurovascular crossroad between orbit, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity, infratemporal fossa, and cranial fossa

• can act as conduit for spread of inflammatory/neoplastic diseases in head and neck

temporomandibular joint

• main connection between skull and lower jaw

• components: portion of squamous portion of temporal bone, articular disc within joint capsule, head of mandible, surrounding ligaments