A&P Test 1

what is the definition of homeostasis?

the body’s ability to maintain a stable environment

what is the sagittal plane?

divides the body into left and right

what is the frontal/coronal plane?

divides the body into anterior and posterior

what is the transverse/horizontal plane?

divides the body into superior and inferior

what does proximal mean?

closer to the body

what does distal mean?

away from the body

what are the four elements that make up 96% of the human body?

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

what is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

kinetic is action, potential is stored

what is an ionic bond?

electrons transferred

what is a covalent bond?

sharing electrons

why is water vital to the body?

high heat capacity, cushioning for organs, key reactant in hydrolysis

what does the mictochondrion do?

produces ATP through aerobic cellular respiration

which organelle produces protein?

ribosomes

what is the role of the golgi body?

organizes proteins

what is anatomy?

the study of the structure of the body

what is physiology?

the study of the function of the body

what is pathology?

the study of diseases in the body

what is the dorsal cavity?

the cranial and spinal cavity

what is the ventral cavity?

the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

what is the difference between parietal and visceral membranes?

parietal refers to walls, visceral refers to organs

what is a positive feedback loop?

an increase in function in response to a stimulus

what are the three subatomic particles and their charges?

protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative)

what is an isotope?

an atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons

what is diffusion?

movement from high concentration to low

what is osmosis?

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane

what is active transport?

movement from low concentration to high

what is the smooth er?

organelle for fat transport and sex hormone synthesis

what is the rough er?

organelle for protein synthesis

what is transcription?

mrna copies the dna code from the nucleus

what is translation?

trna picks up amino acids and ribosomes and links them together

what is autolysis?

destruction of old or weak cells through lysosomes

what is the difference between cilia and flagella?

cilia moves materials, flagellum move cells

what are buffers?

substances that help maintain ph levels

what are bases?

ph levels above 7

what are acids?

ph levels below 7

who proposed the cell theory?

schleiden and schwann

cells that do not have membrane bound organelles are called?

prokaryotic

advanced cells (like those of the human species) are called?

eukaryotic