Reproductive System- Externa Genitalia

Chromosomal sex

XX or YY (among other combinations)

Phenotypic sex

appearance of sex

Gender

how a person identifies- may not align with sex

sex and gender occur on spectrum

1.

right os coxae

2.

coccyx

3.

public symphysis

4.

left os coxae

sacrum

Pelvic diaphragm

>Pelvic floor

>sheets of muscle from pubis to coccyx

>supports pelvic organs

5. Pelvic organs?

Bladder, vagina, uterus, prostate, rectum.

Damage in pelvic diaphragm =

pelvic floor dysfunction

>difficulty with bathroom (urination+ defecation)

>common after giving birth

Perineum

area inferior to pelvic floor

divided into:

• Urogenital triangle

• Anal triangle

Male primary sex organs (gonads)

Testes - sperm

Female primary sex organs (gonads)

Ovaries- egg/ovum

Female secondary structures?

>vulva (external genital)

>vagina, uterus, uterine tubes

>paraurethral glands, greater vestibular glands

Male secondary structures

>epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, >penis

> Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

intersex

Individuals born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not fit typical male or female definitions.

What are secondary sex organs?

>structures that support/ facilitate reproduction but do not produce gametes

what are the two types of erectile tissue?

Corpora cavernosa

Corpus spongiosum

What features do Corpora Cavernosa and Corpus Spongiosum share?

>Blood supply: Highly vascular

>Innervation: extensive (very sensitive)

>covered in musculature

What features does Corpora Cavernosa have?

>Musculature: ischiocavernosus muscle

>Tunic: THICK tunica albuginea

>FUNC: Erection Potency

What feature does Corpus Spongiosum have?

>Musculature: bulbospongiosus muscle

>Tunic: thin tunica albuginea

>FUNC: Cushioning and patency

Vulva includes

>Mons Pubis

>Labia majora

>Labia Minora

>Vestibule

Vestibule is

space between labia minora

>contain openings for urethra and vagina

1.

Mon Pubis

2.

Vestibule

3.

Anus

4.

Labial Majora-The outer folds

5.

Labial Minora

What structures are found within vestibule?

>external urethra orifice

>Vaginal orifice

>Paraurethral glands

>Greater Vestibular glands

>clitoris and prepuce

Paraurethral glands

>Lateral to urethra

>Secrete mucus lubricate/protect vaginal orifice

>Source of ejaculation during sexual arousal

Greater Vestibular gland

>lateral to vaginal orifice

>secrete lubricating mucus in2 vagina during arousal

1.

prepuce to clitoris

clitoris (glans) pic

3.

opening for paraurethral gland pic

4.

external urethral orifice pic

5.

vaginal orifice pic

6.

opening of duct for greater vestibular gland pic

prepuce

= foreskin

>fold of skin surrounding clitoris

Erectile tissues?

>clitoris

>bulbs of vestibule

clitoris

body- corpora cavernosa

glands- corpus spongiosum

body extend posteriorly as crura along ischiopubic ramus

Bulb of vestibule

composed of corpus spongiosum

>erectile tissue on either side of vaginal orifice

>anchors on2 perineum

1.

ischiopubic ramus

2.

bulb of vestibule

3.

pubic symphysis

4.

Body of clitoris ~ Corpora cavernosa

5.

Glands of clitoris ~ Corpus Spongiosum

(the head)

6.

Crus of clitoris

7.

Opening for paraurethral gland (pic)

8.

vaginal orifice (pic)

9.

greater vestibule gland (pic)

Penis

-body of penis

-glands

>prepuce

>external urethral orifice

1.

foreskin - prepuce

2.

>glans

3.

>external urethra orifice

4.

penis body - free external portion

Root of penis location?

below pubic symphysis

Body of penis location?

hangs from pubic symphysis

Body of penis erectile tissues?

Corpora cavernosa - outer ~ paired

Corpus spongiosum - inner, expands distally as glands, surrounds urethra

Roots of penis erectile tissues?

> right and left crura ~ extensions of the corpora cavernosa

>bulb of penis ~ extensions of corpus spongiosum

1.

external urethra orifice

2.

glans

3.

penis

4.

body of penis

5.

corpora cavernosa - body

6

Corpus spongiosum - body

7

root of penis

8

right crus

9

corpus spongiosum- root

10

left crus

Where tissue does penis urethra run through

runs through corpus spongiosum

1

corpora cavernosa

2

tunica aluginea

3

corpus spongiosum

4

urethra

Penile circumcision

>remove foreskin of penis

>Possible health benefits ~ reduced risk of UTI in infant

>Drawbacks ~ loss of sensation, lack on consent for surgery, possibility of infection

bulbospongiosus muscle

cover bulb of vestibule and penis

>assist with expulsion of fluid from urethra(male) and emptying of greater vestibular glands(female)

Ischiocavernous muscle

cover crura of clitoris and penis

>assist with maintaining erection of penis and clitoris

Scrotum

pouch for testes

>respond to external temperature

>Dartos muscles and Cremaster muscle

Dartos muscle ~ Scrotum

smooth muscle in scrotum

>create wrinkles on skin regulate surface area and heat loss

Cremaster muscle ~ Scrotum

skeletal muscle in scrotum

>elevate and lower testes to regulate testes temperature

1.

spermatic cord

2.

cremaster muscle

3.

dartos muscle

4.

scrotum

5.

testis

6.

penis

Tunica vaginalis

>serous sac covering testis

from peritoneum

tunica albuginea

>fibrous capsule of testis

>separates lobules (which contains seminiferous tubules)

seminiferous tubules

>site of sperm production

>sperm is carried from seminiferous tubules to epididymis

Epididymis

contains highly coiled duct

>sperm becomes fully mature, becomes motile

>take 20 days

>sperm can be stored for several months and then phagocytized if not released

>enter ductus deferens

Pathway of SPERM

• Seminiferous tubules

  • Sperm is produced

• Epididymis

  • Sperm matures & becomes motile (~20 days)

• Ductus (vas) deferens

  • Transports sperm during ejaculation

• Ejaculatory duct

  • Vas deferens + seminal vesicle duct

• Urethra

  • Prostatic → membranous → spongy

• External urethral orifice

  • Sperm exits the body

Spermatic cord

>tube of fascia

>structure travel from (abdomen→ inguinal canal → scrotum→ scrotum)

Spermatic cord features?

>Testicular (gonadal) artery

>Pampiniform plexus

>ductus vas deferens

>Testicular (gonadal) artery

blood supply to testes

>Pampiniform plexus

testicular veins branch out into plexus in spermatic cord

•Surround testicular artery to cool blood supply to testes