Bureaucracy Voab

Appropriation

a legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency

Authorization Legislation

Legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency

Bureaucracy

a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials

Committee Clerance

The ability of a congressional committee to review and approve certain agency decisions in advance and without passing a law

Competitive service

The government offices to which people are appointed on the basis of merit, as ascertained by a written exam or by applying certain selection criteria

Discretionary Authority

the extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies not spelled out in advance by laws

Government by proxy

Washington pays state and local governments and private groups to staff and administer federal programs

Iron Triangle

a close relationship among an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group

Issue network

a network of people in Washington, D.C. based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media, who regularly discuss and advocate public policies

Laissez faire

an economic theory that government should not regulate or interfere with commerce

Legislative veto

the authority of Congress to block a presidential action after it has taken place. The Supreme Court has held that Congress does not have this power

Name-request job

a job filled by a person whom an agency has already identified

Patronage

the granting of bureaucratic appointments as reward for past personal or political favors

Red tape

complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done

Trust funds

funds for government programs collected and spent outside the regular government budget