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Igneous Rocks
Rocks that form when magma cools and crystalises either above or below the earths surface
How to Igneous rocks form?
form either, Intrusive or Extrusive
Intrusive rocks
are cooled below the earths surface slowly in the crust with large crystals. Has a rough texture
Extrusive Rocks
are cooled on the earth’s surface in a matter of minutes with little to no crystals
Eg of Igneous rocks
Diorite
Granite
Sedimentary Rocks
are rocks that are composed of sediments that have been cemented together
Examples of sediments
mud
clay
sand
sily
gravel
Bones
shell
dead organisms
Form of Sedimentary rocks
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Compacting
Cementation
Weathering
the process of breaking down rocks either physically or chemically. Example of Physical is Frost Wedging and an example of Chemical is Acid Rain
Erosion
the process of water, wind or any forces of matter pick up sediments and is moved to another place
Deposition
the process of water and wind depositing the sediment to a new spot like water bodies
Compaction
the process of lots of pressure build up over time on water filled pore spaces between particles compacting the sediment
Cementation
the process of filling up pore spaces between sediment to fully cement the sediment together to make a sedimentary rock
Strata
is the layers of sedmentary rocks
Why does sedimentary rocks have fossils and igneous and metamorphic dont
because sedimentary rocks are more gentler than the cycle of other rocks
Eg of sedimentary rocks
Sandstone
Limestone
Shale
Metamorphic Rocks
are pre-existing rocks that are changes by the process of extreme heat and pressure
2 ways metamorphic rocks can change
Mineral Changes: grow new crystals
Textural Changes: Recrystallisation
Metamorphic rocks are also put into 2 catagories
Foliated and Non Foliated
Foliated Metamorphic rocks
has a layered banded appearance due to forming under high temperature and pressure
Non-Foliated Metamorphic rocks
has a lack of banded appearance due to be formed under high temperture but low pressure
Eg of metamorphic rocks
Gneiss: parent is granite
Marble: parent is sandstone
Slate: parent is shale
Minerals
are inorganic soil that has a crystalline structure and chemical deposition
What are the Characteristics of a mineral
Must Naturally formed
Must be inorganic
Must be a solid
Must have particles that line up in a repeating pattern
Must have a definite chemical composition
Identifying a Mineral
Colour
Streak
Luster
Density
Hardness
Crystal System
Cleavage
Colour
is the colour of a mineral
Streak
is the colour of a minerals powder which can be done by scraping the mineral across a unglazed porcelain plate
Luster
is the reflection of light off a mineral
Density
is the ratio of mass to its volume
Hardness
is a test if a mineral will scratch or be scratched, using the Mohs scale
crystal system
is the assigned one of seven crystal systems depending on it shape
Cleavage
Is the way a mineral breaks along specific lines of planes within its structure
Note
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