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Biogeochemical cycles
Processes through which essential nutrients are recycled in ecosystems.
Reservoir
A location where a nutrient is present but temporarily unavailable.
Exchange pool
The primary source of nutrients in a biogeochemical cycle.
Carbon cycle
The movement of carbon atoms and molecules between sources and sinks.
Nitrogen fixation
The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants, primarily ammonia.
Phosphorus cycle
The movement of phosphorus through ecosystems, with no atmospheric component.
Hydrologic cycle
The movement of water in various phases between sources and sinks, powered by the sun.
Convergent boundary
Plate boundary where two plates collide, often creating mountains or subduction zones.
Divergent boundary
Plate boundary where two plates move apart, often resulting in seafloor spreading.
Transform boundary
Plate boundary where two plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.
Seismic waves
Vibrations that travel through the earth as a result of earthquakes, including P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves.
Elastic Rebound Hypothesis
Theory stating that rocks under stress will eventually shift or break, releasing energy in the form of seismic waves.
Subduction zone
Area where one tectonic plate is being forced under another, often associated with volcanic activity.
Magma
Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.
Lava
Magma that has reached the Earth's surface.
Metamorphic rock
Rock that has transformed due to heat and pressure.
Sedimentary rock
Rock formed by the accumulation and compaction of sediments.
Igneous rock
Rock formed from cooled magma or lava.
Human impacts
Effects of human activities on the environment and natural cycles.
Fossil evidence
Remains or traces of ancient organisms that support theories of continental movement.
Climate change evidence
Signs or records indicating changes in climate that can impact geological and ecological processes.
