PPOM 1 COMP 2: practice test

What headache type/ cause is associated with seizures?

encephalitis

What headache type/ cause is not associated with seizures (unlike its counterpart)?

meningitis

What type of headache?

unilateral, pulsating, aggravated by exercise, moderate to severe intensity, n/v, photophobia and/or phonophobia

migraine

what type of headache?

bilateral, non-pulsating, not aggravated by exercise, mild to moderate intensity, no n/v, no more than one of phonophobia or photophobia

tension headache

What headache type:

eye pain and lacrimation; also see trigeminal shit getting fucked or the cavernous sinus being inflammed

cluster headache

What do we suspect with: older female, pain with chewing (claudication), boring in quality?

giant cell (temporal) arteritis

What do we suspect if we see alpha synuclein and capgras?

lewy body dementia

What do we suspect if we see autonomic insufficiency (urinary incontinence or retention), orthostasis, and stridor?

multiple system atrophy (MSA)

What do we suspect with hemidystonia, alien limb, cortical deficits/atrophy, and absence of a resting tremor?

corticobasal degeneration

What do we suspect if we see GBA1 mutation or LRRK2

parkinson’s or lewy body dementia

what do we suspect if we see doll’s eyes, tauopathy, angry or puzzled look, growling speech, and dysphagia?

progressive supranuclear palsy

What do we suspect if we see Ashkenazi jews or pts of north African Berber descent?

parkinson’s (want to get genetic testing)

What if we see a cape-like distribution of pain and temperature disruption in upper extremities?

syringomyelia/ syrinx formation

what if we have a CSF filled sac only

cranial-meningocele

What is we have a defect and see a sac that has the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and parts of the brainstem in it?

encephalocele

what is it when the neurons do not migrate to the surface; the neurons get stuck in the subcortical white matter

subcortical band heterotopia

what is it if we see displacement of the tonsils only; associated with syringomyelia

chiari I

What is it if we see the vermis, brainstem, and 4th ventricle herniating; associated with myelomeningocele and myeloschisis

chiari II

what is it if the neuron did not migrate superficially from the edges of the neuronal tube?

periventricular nodular heterotopia

what is it if we see an increase of alpha-fetoprotein and polyhydramnios

anencephaly

What is it if we see cerebellar vermis agenesis, cystic 4th ventricle, and enlarged posterior fossa?

Dandy walker

What aphasia do we see hesitant speech/non-fluent aphasia, repetition of words is intact, and they have good comprehension?

transcortical motor aphasia

What aphasia do we see poor comprehension, intact repetition, and reading and writing is impaired?

transcortical sensory aphasia

what aphasia do we see difficulty with repetition of words?

conduction aphasia

what stroke do we see contralateral weakness of face> arm> leg and they look at their stroke?

middle cerebral artery stroke

What seizure/epilepsy do we see a mutation in SCN1A gene?

Dravet syndrome

What seizure/epilepsy do we see a mutation in GNAQ gene, we also see somatic mosaicism?

Sturge-weber syndrome

What seizure/epilepsy do we see a mutation in KCNJ10 gene and too much K+?

East syndrome

What seizure/epilepsy do we see a mutation in EAAT2gene?

DEE41 syndrome

What seizure/epilepsy do we see a mutation in TSC1 or TSC2 gene, ashleaf spots, and shagreen patch?

tuberous sclerosis

With the infant exam, what is a bean-shaped foot called?

metatarsus adductus

With the infant exam, what is a club foot?

congenital talipes equinovarus

what is the root word if we see a sac/defect covered in skin?

-cele

what is the root word if we see a sac/defect not covered in skin?

-schisis

What is the pneumonic for the cyanosis that is not normal in infants?

5 T’s

What is the normal temp for an infant?

36-38C (96.8-100.3F)

What is the normal HR for an infant?

100-160 BPM

What is the normal RR for an infant?

30-60 breaths per minute

What disease do we see presenilin 1 and 2 and possible hydocephalus ex vacuo

Alzheimers (also see plaques and tangles, cortical atrophy, and APP E4)

What disease do we see knife-edge, thin, wafer like gyri, neuronal loss, and intense gliosis?

Pick disease

What disease do we see NCA gene and alpha synuclein

parkinsons

What disease do we see severe atrophy of the basal ganglia and loss of striatal neurons?

Huntington (also see CAG repeats and choreiform)

What disease do we see the “onion bulb” and thickening of the peripheral neurons that can be clinically palpated?

Charcot-Maria tooth disease

What disease do we see supraoxide dismutase, everything goes up with the UMN lesion, and we see upper and lower neuron loss?

ALS

What disease is associated with iron deficiency anemia?

restless leg syndrome

What stage of sleep do we see delta waves?

N3

Hypnogogic versus hypnopompic

Hypnogogic: awake to sleep

hypnopompic: sleep to awake

What eye disease do we see abnormal optic nerve embryogenesis?

DeMorsier’s syndrome

What eye disease do we see red and green color defects?

congenital color blindness

What eye disease do we see blue and yellow color defects?

acquired macular disease/degeneration

What eye disease do we see a Christmas tree cataract?

myotonic dystrophy

What eye disease do we see people also develop MS?

optic neuritis

What eye disease do we see with a comatose pt that has an uncal herniation and a poorly reactive pupil?

Hutchinson’s pupil

What is the sign that we look to see if the herpes zoster is in the eye by looking at the nose?

hutchinson’s sign

What eye disease would we see a pt that was in a dark room and developed sudden eye pain?

acute glaucoma

At what time frame would we see eosinophilic cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei?

0.5-1 day

At what time frame would we see necrosis and neutrophils?

1-3 days

At what time frame would we see macrophages?

3-5 days

At what time frame would we see reactive gliosis (astrocytes) and vascular proliferation?

1-2 weeks

At what time frame would we see a glial scar?

>2 weeks

When do we see contralateral arm and face weakness?

an occlusion of the MCA

When do we see an “embolic shower” with clots on both sides of the brain?

cardiogenic embolic stroke

What cerebrovascular disease do we see reperfusion with mass effect?

parenchymal hemorrhage

What cerebrovascular disease do we see reperfusion without mass effect?

hemorrhagic infarction

What disease do we see long standing hypertension, degeneration of the tunica media, and blood in the basal ganglia?

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysm

When do we see a starburst pattern in the brain?

subarachnoid hemorrhage (most common at ACOM)

What is it when we see tearing of the bridging veins?

subdural hematoma

What is it when the middle meningeal artery is bleeding?

epidural hematoma

What cerebrovascular disease do we see an issue at the common carotid bifurcation?

amarousis fugax (see the shade over eyes)

What is it when we see a “lake-like’ appearance on the MRI?

lacunar stroke

What seizure/disease/epilepsy do we see hypsarrhythmia on the EEG? How do we treat it?

infantile spasm (West syndrome)

treat with ACTH and vigabatrin

What seizure/disease/epilepsy do we see sharp centrotemporal waves on the EEG? How do we treat it?

Rolandic epilepsy

treatment not required

What seizure/disease/epilepsy do we see 4-6 Hz bilateral polyspikes on the EEG? How do we treat it?

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

treatment is lifelong, with valproate and lifestyle changes

What seizure/disease/epilepsy do we see with acute rheumatic fever and group A strep?

Sydenham chorea

What seizure/disease/epilepsy do we see a child given an antiemetic, then they have muscle contractions that get better with diphenhydramine?

dystonia

What is esophageal reflux that makes the babies arch their back and looks like a seizure?

sandifer syndrome

Ataxia onset at 2yrs versus ataxia onset @ 10+ yrs

2: ataxia tanglectasia

10+: Friedreich’s ataxia

What disease do we see Wednig Hoffman disease, and the anterior horn cells are affected, we see absent DTR, tongue fasciculations, and a weak cry in babies

spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

What disease do we see trouble brushing hair or lifting things over head/shoulder, 1st sign is a heliotrope rash?

dermatomyositis

explain the difference between Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Becker still has some functional dystrophin but Duchenne does not

What disease do we see craniosynostosis with limbs affected?

apert

When do we see an assymetrical moro reflex?

Erb Duchenne palsy

When do we see a loss of grip reflex in babies?

Klumpke’s palsy

What is TORCH (not what it stands for)

congenital infections common in babies, we test them for these

What brachial plexus lesion do we see: deficits in the deltoid muscle? damage done at the surgical neck of the humerus

damage to axillary nerve

What brachial plexus lesion do we see the triceps not working?

radial nerve at the axilaa

What brachial plexus lesion do we see that the triceps are working? damage is a midshaft fracture

radial nerve at the radial groove

What brachial plexus lesion do we see digits 2-3 affected and a loss of pronation? supracondylar fracture

median nerve at the elbow

What brachial plexus lesion do we see digits 2-3 messed up and the thumbs are also affected?

median nerve at the wrist

What brachial plexus lesion do we see digits 4-5 messed up but sensation in the palm is good?

ulnar nerve at the wrist

lesion do we see digits 4-5 messed up but sensation in the palm is also lost?

ulnar nerve at the elbow

ulnar nerve at the wrist is messed up. Name?

Guyon’s canal syndrome

ulnar nerve at the elbow is messed up. Name?

cubital tunnel syndrome

if there is a superior trunk lesion we have:

Erb duchenne (C5-C6)

If we have a lesion of the inferior trunk we have:

klumpke palsy (C8-T1)

What are the live vaccines for babies?

MMR, varicella, and rotavirus

What are the 4 adolescent vaccines?

HPV, Tdap, MCV4, MenB

What personality disorder is whimsical and magical? Think of Trelawney from Harry Potter

schizotypal personality disorder (cluster A)

What personality disorder makes you think of Sheldon from BBT? doesn’t care about social situations

schizoid personality disorder

What tumor?

Rosenthal fibers (corkscrew fibers); affects brainstem and cerebellum

pilocytic astrocytoma