Chem Test

What is bonding?

An attractive force that holds atoms together.

Why does bonding happen?

To achieve less relativity, decrease the energy of the components, and complete the octet.

What is involved in bonding?

Valence Electrons.

What are the three steps of ionic bonding?

1. Loss/gain of electrons 2. Formation of positive/negative ions 3. Attraction of the ions due to opposite forces.

How are covalent bonds formed?

Atoms share electrons.

What is an intermolecular force?

A force that affects how close together a substance’s molecules are.

What is the strongest intermolecular force?

Hydrogen Bonds.

Which intermolecular force is always present?

Dispersion.

What happens to electronegativities down a group?

Electronegativity increases because the number of protons becomes bigger, causing the nucleus to expand.

What happens to electronegativities across a period?

Electronegativity decreases because the quantum level increases, causing valence electrons to be farther from the nucleus.

How does electronegativity affect bonding?

It determines how electrons are shared or transferred and decides if the bond is polar, nonpolar, or ionic.

What happens when a covalent bond is formed?

Electrons are shared without being gained or lost and don’t belong to either atom.

What is a molecule?

A covalent compound.

What is a formula unit?

An ionic compound.

What are the characteristics of an covalent compound?

non-metals, shared electrons, atoms remain neutral, shared electrons hold bond

What are the characteristics of an ionic compound?

Metal + non-metal and 3 steps of ionic bonding

What does VSEPR stand for?

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory.