Untitled Flashcards Set

Regina v. Dudley and Stephens

A landmark case that addressed the legality of necessity in criminal law, highlighting the tensions between moral and legal standards.

Common Law

A legal system based on custom and court rulings, which evolved over time, especially notable in England before 1066.

Compurgation

A legal procedure where a defendant could clear themselves of the charges by swearing an oath and having others vouch for their truthfulness.

Trial by Ordeal

An ancient legal practice that determined guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused to a physically challenging test.

Crime Control Model

A model of the criminal justice system that emphasizes the efficient detection and apprehension of offenders.

Due Process Model

A model that emphasizes individual rights and legal protections, ensuring fair treatment through the judicial process.

USA Patriot Act

Legislation passed in response to 9/11 that expanded law enforcement's surveillance powers to combat terrorism.

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

A nationwide crime reporting system that compiles data on crime reported to law enforcement agencies.

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

A more detailed crime reporting system providing information on each crime incident and its context.

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

A survey designed to measure the amount of crime by collecting data from victims about their experiences.

2nd Amendment

Part of the U.S. Constitution that protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms.

DC v. Heller

A Supreme Court case ruling that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm unconnected to service in a militia.

McDonald v. Chicago

A Supreme Court case that held the Second Amendment applies to state and local governments, not just the federal government.

Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act

A law enacted to require background checks for gun purchases and to prevent sales to individuals prohibited from owning firearms.

War on Crime

A concerted effort beginning in the 1960s to reduce crime through various federal and local initiatives and policies.

Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968

Legislation aimed at combating crime by providing funding for law enforcement agencies and crime prevention initiatives.

Criticisms of the USA Patriot Act

Concerns regarding civil liberties, potential abuse of power, and the impact on individuals' rights.

Public Opinion of the USA Patriot Act (2002-2005)

Mixed sentiments reflecting a balance between national security concerns and civil rights protections.