Reading Quiz #11

Bill Clinton

42nd President advocated economic and healthcare reform; second president to be impeached

deregulation

The lifting of government restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities.

Evangelical Christianity

People who say that they have been "born again" and who see certain moral questions as political ideas, through a direct connection with god, Billy Granam attracted many.

George H.W. Bush

president during the Gulf War, ability to quickly bring the war to a conclusion while suffering relatively few casualties resulted in the second-highest approval rating of any president, 89%

glasnost

a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems

Iran-contra scandal

Although Congress had prohibited aid to the Nicaraguan contras, individuals in Reagan's administration continued to illegally support the rebels. These officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East. Profits from these sales were then sent to the contras.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.

neo-conservatives

supporting free-market capitalism, questioning liberal welfare programs and affirmative-action policies, and calling for reassertion of traditional values of individualism and the centrality of family.

New Right

Conservative political movements in industrialized democracies that have arisen since the 1960's and stress "traditional values," often with a racist undertone. Composed of populist conservatives and neo conservatives.

Perestrokia

a policy of government and economic reform in Soviet Union in the mid-1980s introducing capitalism

Reagan doctrine

US would support freedom fighters trying to overthrow Communist regimes; applied in Nicaragua, Angola, Cambodia and Afghanistan

Reaganomics

These policies combined a monetarist fiscal policy, supply-side tax cuts, and domestic budget cutting. Their goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth.

Ronald Reagan

1981-1989,"Great Communicator" Republican, conservative economic policies, replaced liberal Democrats in upper house with consevative Democrats or "boll weevils" , at reelection time, jesse jackson first black presdiential candidate, Geraldine Ferraro as VP running mate (first woman)

Ross Perot

This billionaire was a third-party candidate in the 1992 presidential election won 19 percent of the popular vote. His strong showing that year demonstrated voter disaffection with the two major parties.

Saddam Hussein

Was a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction.

Sagebrush Rebellion

Emerged in parts of the West in the late 70s, mobilized conservative opposition to environmental laws and restrictions on development. It also portrayed the West as a victim of government control. It demanded government-owned land to be opened for development.

Sunbelt

states in the south and southwest that have a warm climate and tend to be politically conservative

Strategic Defense Initiative

Popularly known as "Star Wars," President Reagan's SDI proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled, anti-missile defense system capable of destroying enemy missiles in outer spaced. It aimed to prevent nuclear missile attacks during the Cold War.

Tianmen Square

Causes: Chinese angry about lack of freedoms

Results: Many students killed for protesting, crushed democratic movement

The Tax Revolt

A movement to lower or eliminate taxes. California's Proposition 13, which rolled back property taxes, capped future increases for present owners, and required that all tax measures have a two-thirds majority in the legislature, was the result of one such revolt, inspiring similar movements across the country.

Proposition 13

Also known as the "tax revolt", it was a Californian ballot measure in 1978 that slashed property taxes and forced deep cuts in government services.

Reagan Coalition

A coalition supporting Ronald Reagan that included the traditional core of Republican Party voters, middle-class suburbanites and migrants to the Sunbelt states, blue-collar Catholics, and a large contingent of southern whites, an electorally key group of former Democrats that had been gradually moving toward the Republican Party since 1964.

"Supply-Side" economics

An economic philosophy that holds the sharply cutting taxes, deregulating, and allowing trade will increase the incentive people have to work, save, and invest.

The Fiscal Crisis

inability of the state to bridge a deficit between its expenditures and its tax revenues

Fall of Soviet Union

the soviet union's weakening economy along with great discrepancies between worker's wages and the privileges their leaders enjoyed, led the the breakup of the soviet union. (1991)

1990 Recession

Bush inherited the federal deficit of Reagan. The recession temporarily hurt Bush's approval ratings.

Invasion of Kuwait

Iraq invaded Kuwait which led to the Persian Gulf War

Shopping Mall

A shopping center with stores and businesses facing a system of enclosed walkways

2008 Financial Crisis

Occurred because of bad practices in the financial sector related to home mortgages. The government eventually bailed out the banks with over 700 billion dollars. the real estate bubble burst in the US, setting in motion a financial crisis of enormous proportions

PC

personal computer

Advanced Research Projects Agency

ARPA, put funds into scientific research and connected computers.

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

"Baby boom" generation

the 76 million babies born in the United States between 1946 and 1964.

Affordable Care Act

An expansion of medicaid, most of employers must provide health insurance, have insurance or face surtax, prevents rejection based on pre-existing condition. Also referred to as "Obamacare", signed into law in 2010.

The "underclass"

A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.

Opioid crisis

Public health emergency due to opioid misuse.

AIDS epidemic

the spread of a new and lethal disease first documented in 1981, AIDS is the product of the HIV virus, which is transmitted by the exchange of bodily fluids, the virus gradually destroys the immune systems and makes victims vulnerable to diseases they would normally have a resistance to. The first victims which were homosexual men were virtually certain to die, and eventually the disease spread further across the country and in other nations like Africa.

North American Free Trade Agreement

NAFTA; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.

"New world order"

A description of the international system resulting from the collapse of the Soviet Union in which the balance of nuclear terror theoretically no longer determined the destinies of states.

Newt Gingrich

Republican speaker in the House. He pushed for more conservative legislation during Clinton's presidency.

1999 Seattle WTO Protests

Large demonstrations against the World Trade Organization meetings, highlighting concerns over global trade policies and their impact on labor, environment, and social justice.