Cultural Study Guide

Emerging majority

people of color (Black, Asian/Pacific Islanders, American Indians, Eskimos, or Aleuts, and Hispanics). Expected to constitute majority by 2020

Immigrant

an alien entering the US for permanent (or temporary) residence

Melting Pot

social blending of cultures

Nonimmigrant

a person who is allowed to enter the country temporarily under certain conditions, such as crewman, student, or temporary worker

Resident Alien

a lawfully admitted alien

Undocumented Alien

a person of foreign origin who has entered the country unlawfully by bypassing inspection, or who has overstayed the original terms of his/her visa

Race

a group of persons who share such genetically transmitted physical traits as skin, color, hair texture, and eye shape or color: white, yellow, black

Ethnicity

a cultural group’s sense of identification associated with the group’s common racial, religious, linguistic, and certain other traits in common; denoting or deriving from the cultural traditions of a group of people (Religion is a key component)

Culture

the integrated pattern of human behavior that include thought, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institution of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group

Acculturation

the process of involuntarily adapting to another culture; acquiring the majority group’s culture over time and several generations

Alien

any person applying for entry to the US; anyone who is not a US citizen

Assimilation

the process of becoming absorbed into another culture and adopting its characteristics; developing a new cultural identity

Culture

non physical traits (beliefs, attitudes, customs) that are shared by a group of people and passed from one generation to the next; a meta-communication system

Discrimination

denying people equal opportunity by acting on a prejudice

Heritage Consistency

the observance of the beliefs and practices of one’s traditional cultural belief system

Heritage Inconsistency

the observance of the beliefs and practices of one’s acculturated belief system

Prejudice

negative beliefs or preferences that are generalized about a group and the lead to “prejudgement”

Racism

the belief that members of one race are superior to those of other races

Religion

belief in a divine or superhuman power or powers to be obeyed and worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler(s) of the universe

Socialization

process of being raised within a culture and acquiring the characteristics of the given group

Space

the area surrounding a person’s body and the objects within that area

Stereotype

the notion that all people from a given group are the same

Xenophobia/Xenophobe

morbid fear of strangers/ ideas and beliefs

Health

optimal functioning with freedom from disease

Health Beliefs

perceptions of a given person’s status

Illness (sickness)

an alternation in health

Illness experience

meaning of sickness to a given person, from health to the onset of an illness event to the outcome of the given event

Amulet

an object with magical powers, such as a charm, worn on a string or around the neck, wrist, or waist to protect the wearer from both physical and physic illness, harm, and misfortune

Poultice

a hot, soft, moist mass of herbs, flour, mustard, and other substances spread on muslin and place on a sore body part

Omamori

Japanese amulet dedicated to particular shinto deities as well as buddhist figures; made of cloth and encloses papers or pieces of wood with prayers written on them which are supposed to bring good luck

What is a “sick role”?

the expectations and responsibilities of a person throughout the stages he passes through while sick; symptoms acknowledge/legitmized by a member of a the health profession

What are the 4 components of a “sick role”?

exemption form social obligations, exemption from certain responsibilities, legitimization of the sick role, acceptance of being ill

Do Not Resuscitate

a request to not have CPR done if your heart stops or if you stop breathing. Accepted by doctors and hospitals in all states

Power-of-Attorney

states whom you have chosen to make healthcare decisions for you. It becomes active any time you are unconscious or unable to make medical decisions. More useful than a living will

Living Will

a written, legal document that describes the kind of medical treatments or life-sustaining treatments you would want if you were seriously or terminally ill. Does no let you select someone to make decisions for you

What are symptoms of PTSD?

avoidance and withdrawal; hyper-arousal; re-experiencing

Avoidance and Withdrawal

feeling numb, shutdown or separated from normal life. Withdrawing from relationships or activities

Hyper-arousal

nervousness, jitteriness, quickness to startle, always alert and on the lookout for danger

Re-experiencing

intrusive images/flashbacks, sensations, nightmares, memories

EMTALA

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act: unfunded mandate that contributed to financial pressures on hospitals in the last 20 years causing them to consolidate and close facilities contributing to ER overcrowding

HAART

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Rx that lessened maternal vertical transmission of HIV to infant

LEARN

Listen: with sympathy and understanding to the patient’s perception of the problem. Explain: your perceptions of the problem. Acknowledge: and discuss the differences and similarities. Recommend: treatment that is standard and likely to follow. Negotiate: agreement

ASK

Ask-tell-ask: supports clinicians in disclosure conversations when mistakes or errors occur

PEARLS

Partnership: working with the patient closely. Empathy: taking the patient’s side. Apology/ Acknowledgment: if late, apologize for the tardiness and interruptions. Respect: appreciate the patient’s view. Legitimation: reassurance. Support: be an advocate for the patient

LGBTQIA

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersexual, Asexual

What is patient confidentiality?

Patients share personal information with physicians and it must be kept private to respect the patient’s trust. Physician must restrict access of other to that information

When can patient confidentiality be breached?

only 2 exceptions: concern for the safety of other specific persons (any serious threat of harm); concern for public welfare (reporting communicable diseases)

General Red flags of Human Trafficking

clinical presentation doesn’t match oral history, scripted history, someone with the patient exerts an unusual amount of control over them, pt looks fearful, tattoos, injuries, STIs

Pediatric indicators of Human Trafficking

sudden change in academic performance, resists being touched, gaps in memory, appears malnourished, low self esteem, exhibits sudden outburst of anger, has a much older partner, has a sexual online profile

Ayurvedic

ancient Hindu system of health care using diet, natural therapies, and herbs

Allopathic

health beliefs and practices that are derived from current scientific models and involve the use of technology and other modalities of present day healthcare. Major focus on physical health with consideration of mental health

Homeopathy

holistic, a system of medicine based on the belief that a disease can be cured by minute doses of a substance that, if given to a healthy person in large doses, would produce the same symptoms that he person being treat is experiencing and neutralize them

Reflexology

practice of massaging, squeezing, or pushing on parts of the feet or sometimes of hands and ears with the goal of encouraging a beneficial effect on other parts of the body or to improve general health

Ying Yang

dark and light theory (balance of 2 opposing forces)

Acupuncture

ancient medical art using needles, based on belief in universal life force

Meridian Mapping

meridians or channels form a distribution system that carries Qi, Jing, and body fluid around the body. 12 main ones that connect to one of the 12 organs. Provide locations for needle insertion to affect Qi

What population is at high risk for suicide, homicide, and isolation?

LGBTQIA

Intimate distance

extends up to 1.5 feet; body odor assessed during physical exam

Personal space

extends from 1.5-4ft; walking into exam room

Social distance

extends from 4-12 feet; corporate business meetings

Public distance

extends >12 ft; seminars/convention meetings

Evil Eye

a belief that someone can project harm by gazing or staring at another’s property or person; power emanates from the eye and strikes the victim

Curandero

traditional folk healer or shaman who is dedicated to curing physical and/or spiritual illnesses

Botanicals

cater to Latino community and sell folk medicine alongside statues of saints, candles decorated with prayers, lucky bamboo and other items

What are health care disparities?

differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States

Top cause of death in the USA

heart disease

2nd most leading cause of death in the USA

cancer (is #1 in AAPI)

situational poverty

generally traced to a specific incident within the lifetimes of the person or family members

generational poverty

a cycle that passes from generation to generation, and ones on to argue that generational poverty has its own distinct culture and belief patterns

What are the CLAS standards overall meaning?

Goal: 14 standards designed to make healthcare practices/providers more culturally and linguistically accessible to a diverse population of patients

What state has the largest immigrant population compared to other states?

California

What is the #1 problem/obstacle to making appropriate health decisions?

poor health literacy

Corazon

Heart

Alta Precion

high blood pressure

Infecciones

infections

nombre

name

Bienvenidos

welcome

cuando empezo sus sintomas

onset of symptoms

What does OPPQRST stand for?

onset, palliative, provocative, quality, radiate, scale, time

que lo hace mejor

what makes it better

que lo hace peor

what makes it worse

como es la calidad de su síntomas

quality of symptoms

donde esta localizado y corre por otras partes

does the pain radiate

Del uno al dies, califique su dolor

on a scale of 1-10, what is your pain

es constante o de vez en cuando

is it constant or does it come and go

Lunes

Monday

Martes

Tuesday

Miercoles

Wednesday

Jueves

Thursday

Viernes

Friday

Sabado

Saturday

Domingo

Sunday

enero

January

febrero

February

marzo

March

abril

April

mayo

May

junio

June

julio

July

agosto

August