Chapter 25: Neonatal and Pediatric Abdomen

C

What percentage of liver tumors in children are benign?

a. 10%

b. 30%

c. 40%

d. 75%

B

When bowel prolapses into the distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion, this condition is known as which one of the following?

a. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

b. Intussusception

c. Projectile vomiting

d. Appendicitis

B

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis most commonly occurs in all of the following patient populations except:

a. in male patients.

b. in female patients.

c. infants between 2 and 6 weeks of age.

d. infants with bile-free projectile vomiting.

D

Which of the following is least commonly associated with vomiting in the infant?

a. pylorospasm.

b. hiatal hernia.

c. malrotation of the bowel.

d. appendicolith.

C

Hepatoblastoma has been associated with which one of the following?

a. Meige syndrome

b. Choledochal cyst

c. Precocious puberty

d. Intussusception

C

The mean portal vein measurement in children younger than 10 years of age is ______ millimeters (mm).

a. 5

b. 7.5

c. 8.5

d. 10

A

In patients with appendicitis, the outer diameter should measure at greater than _____ mm.

a. 6

b. 2

c. 3

d. 5

D

Findings that may indicate appendicitis include all of the following except:

a. free peritoneal fluid.

b. loculated fluid in the lower abdomen.

c. appendicolith.

d. Meckel diverticulum.

A

A pitfall in diagnosing appendicitis may be which one of the following?

a. Enlarged lymph nodes

b. Dilated antrum

c. Hydronephrosis

d. Hydrops

D

Children with intussusception may exhibit all of the following clinical presentations except:

a. colicky abdominal pain

b. vomiting

c. bloody stools

d. tenderness over McBurney's point

A

Sonographic characteristics associated with the bowel include all of the following signs except:

a. croissant

b. doughnut

c. target

d. pseudokidney

D

The length of the pediatric gallbladder should not exceed which one of the following?

a. 5 cm

b. 8 cm

c. 10 cm

d. Length of the kidney

A

Preparation for a biliary sonographic examination of a 2-year-old child is nothing by mouth (nil per os; NPO) for ____ hours.

a. 4

b. 5

c. 6

d. 8

C

An abdominal ultrasound may be ordered in the neonate when jaundice persists beyond ______________.

a. 5 days

b. 2 months

c. 2 weeks

d. 5 weeks

D

Which one of the following is the most likely condition to lead to cirrhosis in neonatal patients?

a. Jaundice

b. Hepatitis

c. Choledochal cyst

d. Biliary atresia

A

The most common causes of prolonged neonatal jaundice include all of the following except:

a. hepatoblastoma.

b. choledochal cyst.

c. hepatitis.

d. biliary atresia.

B

The most common type of choledochal cyst is:

a. diverticula of the common bile duct (CBD).

b. fusiform dilation of the CBD.

c. dilation of intrahepatic ducts.

d. dilation of the intraduodenal portion of the CBD.

C

Which one of the following is considered to be the infantile form of hepatocellular carcinoma?

a. Neuroblastoma

b. Wilms' tumor

c. Hepatoblastoma

d. Both A and B

B

The pylorus muscle connects the __________________ with the duodenum.

a. body of the stomach

b. antrum of the stomach

c. lesser curvature of the stomach

d. fundus of the stomach

B

An overdistended stomach ____________ displaces the pylorus.

a. anteriorly

b. posteriorly

c. laterally

d. medially

C

Identify the most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood.

a. Hypertrophied pyloric stenosis

b. Appendicitis

c. Intussusception

d. Biliary atresia

C

In older children, the common bile duct should not exceed _____ mm.

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

C

Choose the percentage of normal-term infants with elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels.

a. 20%

b. 40%

c. 60%

d. 80%