Bio Genetics Test

Stem Cell

Unspecialized cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Differentiation

The process by which stem cells become specialized for specific functions.

Totipotent Cells

Cells that can develop into any cell type, including extraembryonic tissues.

Pluripotent Cells

Cells that can develop into most cell types but not all.

Multipotent Cells

Cells that have limited potential to differentiate into a few cell types.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Pluripotent cells derived from embryos, capable of becoming any cell type.

Adult Stem Cells

Multipotent cells that help renew and replace cells in the adult body.

Gene

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein, determining traits.

Heredity

The transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Allele

Different forms of a gene that can exist for a trait.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Phenotype

The observable physical characteristics of an organism.

Law of Dominance

Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles.

Law of Segregation

Alleles separate during gamete formation.

Punnett Squares

Tools that help predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on parental alleles.

Dominant traits

Expressed when the connected allele is dominant, even if only one copy exists.

Recessive traits

Expressed only if both connected alleles are recessive.

Polygenic Inheritance

A single inherited phenotypic trait controlled by two or more different genes.

Antibodies

Eliminate things in your body that aren't supposed to be in your immune system.

Antigens

Markers that tell your body something in your body is foreign.