med surg exam 2 flash cards

What does an ECG measure?

Electrical activity of the heart

What is the correct order to interpret an ECG?

Rate → Rhythm → P waves → QRS → T

What does the p wave represent

Atrial depolarization

What does the QRS complex represent

Ventricular depolarization

What does the t wave represent

Ventricular repolarization

Normal PR interval

0.12-0.20

Atrial fibrillation

Irregular rhythm with no p waves this is a stroke risk

Premature ventricular contractions

Early wide QRS beats with no p wave

Cad

Narrowing of coronary arteries due to plaque cased by atherosclerosis

Stable vs unstable

Stable- activity relived by rest

Unstable - at rest not relieved

Lab confirms MI

Troponin

Heart failure

Heart cannot pump enough blood

Left sided symptoms

Sob crackles congestion

Right side symptoms

Edema JVD ascites

lab indicates HF

Bnp

Systolic HF

Weak contraction

Diastolic HF

Stuff ventricle

Stenosis

Valve narrowing

Regurgitation

Valve leak

Cardiomyopathy

Heart Muscle dysfunction

Highest sudden death risk

Hypertrophic-thick

Arrhythmogenic-electrical

Pericarditis

Inflammation of pericardial sac

Friction rub

Pericarditis symptoms

Sharp chest pain, worse lying down, better leaning forward

ECG pericarditis

ST elevation + PR depression

Pericardial Effusion

Fluid accumulation around the heart

Cardiac tamponade

Severe compression life threatening

Becks triad

JVD hypotension muffled heart sounds

PAD

Arterial narrowing

Hallmark symptom of pad

Intermittent claudication

What is intermittent claudication

Pain with walking relieved by rest

Indicating PAD

ABI <0.9

Skin changes in PAD

Pain with elevated red when dependent cool

Positioning for PAD

Keep legs dependent

Venous insufficiency

Poor venous return

Symptoms of venous disease

Edema brown skin ulcers on ankles

virchows triad

Stasis, injury, hypercoagulability

6 ps of acute limb ischemia

Pain pallor pulselessness parenthesia paralysis poikilothermia

Cardiac

Beta blockers

Ace inhibitors

Calcium channel blockers

HF

Diuretics

Ace inhibitors

CAD

Aspirin

Statins

Nitroglycerin

dysthymiaas

Amioadarone

Adenosine

Atropine

DVT/PAD

Anticoagulants

Antiplatelets