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What causes war?
Biological, 2. Power, 3. Invented
IR Subfields
Development, 2. Law+Orgs, 3. Political Economy, 4. Security
Constructivism
Based on social facts, Nurture > Nature, R2P
Classical Liberalism
A political ideology emphasizing individual freedom, limited government, and free markets. It advocates for the protection of civil liberties and the rule of law.
Locke’s “Two treatises on government”
Civil society is essential for peace and prosperity (liberal)
Rousseau’s “The social contract”
Collaboration = Mutual Benefit (liberal)
Kant’s perceptual peace
Equality, federation among states (liberal)
Pluralism
a liberal idea that states and non state actors are essential in IR
Interdependence
Liberal idea that state interactions are “positive-sum” and interconnectedness is beneficial
Classical realism
A theory in international relations that emphasizes the competitive and conflictual nature of human behavior, suggesting that states act primarily in their own interest and power is the main currency in global politics.
Thucydide’s ‘melian dialogue’
Power trumps morality (realist)
Machiavelli ‘the prince’
state does what it must to survive, better to be feared than loved (realist)
Hobbe’s ‘leviathan’
Humans are inherently evil and selfish (realist)
Anarchy
absence of political authority. zero-sum game (realist)
Super structure and economic base
Marxist idea, super structure containing govt, legal, family, religion. Economic base = material foundation of society, means of production.
Dual use problem
advanced military research leading to potential malicious use
Offense defense theory
Whether offense (cannons) or defense (moats) are more effective
General principles of int. law
Sovereign equality, peaceful dispute resolution, human rights, self determination
The security dilemma
states go back and forth increasing weaponry to feel safer
Paradoxical trinity
Policy (govt) - Chance (military) - Passion (people)
Active international conflicts
India China, 2. Iraq, 3. Ukraine, 4. Syria,
5 perm members
usa, uk, china, russia, france
