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24 Terms
1
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
The stages a product goes through from introduction to decline, including Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline.
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2
Manufacturing System
A system that includes material handling, machines and tools, workforce, production scheduling, and quality control.
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3
First Industrial Revolution
The shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing in the late 18th to early 19th century.
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4
Second Industrial Revolution
Characterized by electrification, mass production, and the introduction of assembly lines in the late 19th to early 20th century.
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5
Third Industrial Revolution
Period marked by the rise of computers, automation, and information technology from the mid to late 20th century.
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6
Fourth Industrial Revolution
Current era highlighted by cyber-physical systems, IoT, AI, and smart manufacturing.
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7
Interchangeable Parts
Concept developed by Eli Whitney that allows for mass production and easy replacement of components.
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8
Just-in-Time (JIT)
A production strategy that strives to improve a business's return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs.
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9
Bullwhip Effect
Phenomenon in supply chains where small demand changes cause larger fluctuations in orders at the wholesale, distributor, manufacturer, and supplier levels.
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10
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Metrics used to measure supply chain performance, including inventory turnover and order cycle time.
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11
Customer Requirement
High-level description of the features and qualities expected by the customer.
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12
Engineering Requirement
Detailed technical specifications that define how a product will fulfill customer needs.
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13
CNC Machining
A manufacturing process that uses computers to control machine tools using a programming language called G-code.
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14
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
A device that converts continuous analog signals into digital values.
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15
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
A device that converts digital values into continuous analog signals.
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16
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
A digital computer used for automation of industrial processes.
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17
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
A machine used to measure the physical geometrical characteristics of an object.
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18
Manufacturing Processes
Various methods of production including job-shop, batch, continuous, and project-based processes.
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19
Process Flow Chart
A diagram that outlines the steps in a process.
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20
Precedence Diagram
A type of diagram that displays the sequence of activities and dependencies in a process.
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21
Primary Bonds
The bonds that hold atoms together, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
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22
Young's Modulus
A measure of material stiffness calculated as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic region.
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23
Brinell Hardness Test
A method of testing hardness by measuring the indentation left by a hard sphere pressed into the material.
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24
Welding Processes
Methods of joining metals, specifically Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW).
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