Rizal's Life and Works Lecture Notes

Flashcards based on lecture notes about Jose Rizal's life, works, and historical context.

What is Republic Act 1425?

A law signed by President Ramon Magsaysay in 1956 mandating the study of Rizal's life, works, and writings in all public and private schools, colleges, and universities.

What is the aim of the Mandatory Rizal Course?

To awaken and strengthen the sense of nationalism and patriotism of every Filipino youth, to apply Rizal's principles to present-day problems, and to transform students into productive citizens.

What are other names for the Rizal Law?

Recto's Rizal Bill

What was the main point of contention regarding the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo?

They contained anti-clerical messages, with the Catholic Church finding 170 passages offensive to Catholic faith.

What was Recto's reply to the Catholic schools threatening to close if the Rizal bill was passed?

Go ahead, so the State can nationalize them.

What was the final decision on the debate surrounding the Rizal Bill?

A compromise where the novels would be optional reading for college students.

When was RA 1425 passed into law?

June 12, 1956

Who regarded Jose Rizal as an American-sponsored hero?

Ambeth Ocampo

When was Rizal declared the Philippine National Hero under the United States colonial government?

1901

What were Rizal's reasons for writing the novels?

Equality and Representation

Who wrote 'Veneration without understanding'?

Renato Constantino

What was the Rizal Bill intended to do?

Made the act of reading literature an act of rediscovering the nation's origins in ideals embodied by the lives and works of the national heroes.

Who penned a pastoral letter protesting the Rizal Bill?

Manila Archbishop Rufino Santos

Who authored 'Rizal's Unfading Glory: A Documentary History of the Conversion of Dr. José Rizal'?

Fr. Jesus Cavanna

When was Jose Rizal born?

June 19, 1861

What were the three great revolutions that may have shaped Rizal's political views?

Industrial Revolution, French Revolution, and American Revolution

What were some issues present in 'Jose Rizal and his Time'?

Opening of Suez Canal, Instability of Colonial Administration, Corrupt Officialdom, Absence of Reforms, Human Rights Violation, Racial Discrimination, Maladministration of Justice, Frailocracy, Forced Labor, Land Grabbing, Guardia Civil Abuses

When was the Suez Canal opened?

November 17, 1869

What did the opening of the Suez Canal facilitate?

Importation of books, magazines, and newspapers with liberal ideas, influencing Jose Rizal and other Filipino reformists, and encouraging illustrados to pursue higher education abroad

What advantages did spaniards enjoy over Filipinos during their colonial reign?

Spaniards enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of association, and other human rights in Spain, which constitutional rights were denied to the Filipinos by the Spaniards when they colonized the country

What were Filipinos referred to as by the Spaniards?

Indios

Describe Frailocracy

A government of friars, where friars ruled the Philippines and had control over the government, leading to obscurantism, fanaticism, and oppression.

Describe Polo y Servicio.

Forced labor for Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old for 40 days a year with Falla being monetary compensation from it, causing inconvenience and suffering to the common Filipino people.

In Tata Selo's case, what was the result of him losing his land?

This loss, coupled with the ongoing abuse and lack of recourse, drives him to kill the mayor's son

What were the guardia civil responsible for?

Maintaining peace and order, but they were infamous for their rampant abuses, maltreating innocent people, looting the community, and raping helpless women.

At what age did Rizal learn the alphabet and some prayers?

Age 3

At what age did the execution of Gomburza happen?

Rizal was 11 years old

Why was secularization being campaigned for in the Philippine churches?

A battle between secular priests vs friars

What pamphlet, allegedly published by Jose Apolonio Burgos, defended Filipino clergy against charges that they were inferior and disloyal to Spain?

1864 pamphlet

What was the reason for the Cavite Mutiny?

Because of the abolition of their exemption from paying taxes and forced labor

Who was the governor-general during the 1872 Cavite mutiny which led to execution of 41 of the mutineers, including the Gomburza priests?

Gov. Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo

What was Rizal's second novel and what was it dedicated to?

El Filibusterismo, dedicated to GOMBURZA

Why did Rizal use ‘Rizal’ rather than ‘Mercado’?

The name Mercado was already attached to his brother Paciano, who was known to be associated with the executed Fr. Burgos

What was Ateneo considered as during Rizal's time?

Considered the best school at that time

What degree did Rizal obtain from Ateneo?

Bachelor of Arts Degree

Why did Rizal's mother oppose the idea of him getting further studies?

“If he gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut of his head”

At what age did Rizal study two courses

16

were hostile to Rizal

Dominican professor

What was Rizal and Paciano's secret mission?

To observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and governments and laws of the European nations and To study other things of greater usefulness and To prepare himself in liberating the Filipinos

What degree did Rizal study at Universidad Central de Madrid?

Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters and Degree of Licentiate in Medicine (1884)

Who was Rizal's parents unaware of?

On a mission that was kept a secret.

Who passengers Rizal boarded with to Marseilles, France

British, French, Dutch, Spaniards, Malays, Siamese, Filipinos

What ship did rizal board after departing from singapore?

Point Galle, Ceylon

What was Rizal's description of Africa?

Described by Rizal as an inhospitable but famous land that was hotter than Manila.

Where did Rizal arrive in France?

Marseilles

Who was Consuelo Ortiga y Perez?

Whom Rizal was enamored to upon arriving in Madrid, daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, who was the City Mayor of Manila

What works inspired rizal?

Uncle Tom's Cabin and The Wandering Jew. Inspired him to write the Noli Me Tangere in 1884

Where did Rizal travel and specialize in Ophalmology

Paris and Berlin

Who were part of Los Indios Bravos

Juan Luna, Feliz Resurreccion Hidalgo, Pardo de Tavera

Who wrote 'To the Flowers of Heidelberg.'?

Jose Rizal

What was Rizal doing in Leipzig and Dresden?

looking for a publisher for his novel

Where did Rizal completed writing the Noli

Wilhelmsfeld

Which city did Blumentritt advised Rizal to move to following?

Berlin

What did German women valued?

Women are serious, diligent, and friendly. Unlike women in the Philippines, they are more interested in how they dress.

What values did germans observed?

Germans are very accommodating and Self-introduction to strangers in a social gathering is common and It is considered bad manners for a guest to remain aloof and wait for the host to make the proper introduction

What led Rizal to poverty during his travels?

money did not arrive from his brother and could not pay his landlord. and resorted to eating only one meal a day, consisting of bread, water, and vegetable soup and Saturnina’s diamond ring ended up in a pawnshop.

What did Rizal strive to accomplish even though Rizal was suffering during his travels

Enhance his skills in ophthalmology and Further study sciences and languages and Observe the economic and political environment and Extend networks with German scientists and scholars and Publish his novel

What did maximo viola do to assist Rizal's writings?

accepted Maximo Viola's offer of 1,000 pesos

What tour did Rizal decide to take following the publishing of his book, and who did he accopany?

Grand European Tour, and he was accompanied by viola

Why did Rizal come back to the Philippines?

Financial issues and To operate on his mother’s eyes and To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants and To check on the impacts of the Noli Me Tangere and To fix his relationship with Leonor Rivera, who had remained silent.

What were Rizal's works while he was Back in Calamba

established a small medical clinic and Performed surgery on his ailing mother's cataract and He became known as ‘Doctor Uliman’

Where did Rizal travelled and wrote a letter to the Young Women of Malolos

en route to London, England

Why did Rizal wrote a letter to the Young Women of Malolos?

Rizal praised the young ladies of Malolos for their courage to establish a school where they could learn Spanish despite government opposition.