History of Psychology Final

Who was hired by Coca Cola to perform research on the 1911 court case?

Hollingworth

The main reason Wundt and Titchener’s system did not survive in the United States was because they were

not pragmatic

At the end of the 19th century what field demanded the application of psychology principles to practical problems with the rise in private school with the rise in private school education?

Education

What type of work did Cattell focus on?

Personality structure, abilities, and motivations

Which of the following methods did Cattell develop?

Order of merit ranking method

How did Binet and Simon’s test differ from those of Galton and Cattell?

Emphasized the relationship of higher cognitive processes to intelligence

Who revised the Binet intelligence test into the Stanford-Binet test?

Terman

What did Witmer attribute to behavioral and cognitive disorders?

Combination of environmental and hereditary factors

True or False: The first doctoral level industrial psychologist was Lillian Gilbreth.

True

What was Watson’s approach to structuralism and functionalism?

A revolt (pure rejection of both)

Who had a theory of tropism?

Loeb

Who was a well known African American researcher in comparative psychology?

Turner

What did Pavlov’s work contribute to Watson’s behaviorism?

Provided Watson with a method for studying behavior and attempting to control and modify it

What is Thorndike’s law of effect?

Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by unsatisfying consequences are less likely to be repeated

How did Thorndike define learning?

The strengthening of connections between stimuli and responses (S-R connections) through the law of effect

What did Pavlov’s conditioned reflex require for learning to occur?

Reinforcement

Who hired Watson at Johns Hopkins University?

Baldwin (Later had to resign because he got caught at a brothel)

When was behaviorism officially established?

1913

How did Watson describe conditioning?

Stimulus substitution

Why did Watson reject the notion of the unconscious?

It was not observable

True or False: Controversy regarding Watson’s child rearing practice is evident by his own children’s attempts at suicide?

True

True or False: The Little Albert study has been successfully replicated?

False

What was the dominant area of study for neo-behaviorists?

The relationship between environmental stimuli and observable behavior/the process of learning

Define operationalism.

The doctrine that the physical concept can be define in the precise terms related to the set of operations or procedures by which it is determined

According to Toleman, what are intervening variables?

Unobserved and inferred factors with in the organism that are the actual determinants of behavior (environmental stimuli, psychological drives, heredity, previous training and age)

How did Skinner define a reflex?

Involuntary and automatic response to a specific stimulus

According to Skinner, what is the primary characteristic of living things?

The ability to respond to their environment (behavior)

True or False: In Bandura’s system, social interaction is a critical factor in human learning.

True

What school of thought did Gestalt Psychology oppose?

Structuralism

What is the unbiased description of immediate experience as it occurs?

Phenomenology

What school of Psychology is associated with field theory?

Gestalt Psychology

What is the Phi phenomenon?

The illusion that two stationary flashing lights are moving from one place to another

What was Maslow’s idea of self-actualization based on?

Humanistic Psychology, Hierarchy of Needs, and peak experiences

What is the notion that form is a property of objects?

Inherent aspect (Gestalt Psychology)

What does Gestalt theory believe learning entails?

Learning is a result of observing and comprehending stimuli in relation to one another not just individually

Who developed field theory?

Lewin

What was the primary method of Psychoanalysis?

A clinical observation (letting the mind flow freely, let the patient talk without obstacles)

Who proposed the concept of the threshold of consciousness?

Herbart

Who proposed the analogy that the mind is like an iceberg?

Freud

What is the answer for #40?

C

Who encouraged the Psychic approach to mental illness in the United States?

Meyer/Emmanuel Church Healing movement

What treatment did Charcot and Janet practice prior to Freud?

Hypnosis

Know about Freud’s infamous use of cocaine.

He used it quite a bit

Who are the Neo-Freudians?

Adler, Erikson, Freud, Horney, Jung, Klein, Maslow, Rogers

Group of psychologists and theorists who were originally influenced by Sigmund Freud but later diverged from his ideas (heavy emphasis on sexuality as the primary driver of human behavior)

What did Ego Psychologists emphasize?

Social forces

Who introduced play therapy?

Freud (Anna) and Klein — Popularized

Hug-Hellmouth — Introduced

Object relationship theorist emphasize what has an influence on personality?

Unconscious relationships with primary caregivers that have been internalized into adults

Who did Freud want to take over the Psychoanalytic School of Thought?

Jung

What did Jung propose the libido was?

General psychic energy that could be redirected toward a wide variety of human pursuits