Ethics Chapter 1

Morality

Beliefs regarding morally bad and good people or character

Moral

Something right or good

Immoral

Wrong or bad

Ethics

Study of morality using philosophy methods and tools

Philosophy

Examines life questions with critical thinking, logical argument and reasoning.

Descriptive Ethics

Study of morality using methodology of science.(scientific method)

Morality jobs

Historians, psychologists, anthropologists

Normative ethics

Search for justification of moral standards or norms

Meta ethics

Study of meaning and justification of basic moral beliefs

EX of normative ethics

Action is right or person is good

EX of meta ethics

What it means for a person to be right or a person to be goodd

Applied ethics

Using moral norms and concepts to resolve practical moral issues

Bioethics

Applied ethics focused on medical tech, med science and healthcare

Normative dominance

Moral knowledge that dominate over other norms

Homeless people blocking a city moral, worried about moral and not homeless

Universality

Moral principles of judgement apply in similar situations

Impartiality

The idea of everyone being considered equal

Reasonableness

Care reflection

Moral obligation

What we are obligated to do

Moral values

Things we judge to be morally, good, bad or praiseworthy

Legal moralism

Something made illegal thats immoral regardless of physical harm

Right

Permissible or obligatory

Permissible

Action required

Wrong

Prohibited

Supererogatory

Above and beyond our duty (feeding the homeless)

Absolute principle

Applies with no exceptions (lying)

Primia facie

Applies in all cases when an exception is warranted

5 principles are

Autonomy, non malefience, beneficence, utility and justice.

Autonomy

The ability to direct one’s life and choose for themself.

Paternalism

Overriding. Person’s actions or decision making for their own good

Weak paternalism

Restraining a suicidal from killing themselves

Strong paternalism

Morally objetionable

Nonmalefience

To not intentionally inflict harm on others

Beneficence

Doing more for patients than just making sure they aren’t harmed

Utility

Favorable balance of good over bad

Justice

People getting what is fair

Retributive justice

Fair out of punishment for wrongdoing

Distributive justice

Fair distributions of society’s advantages(healthcare, income, welfare

Libertarian

Personal freedoms and the right to pursue one’s own social economic well-being in a free market without interference from others

Egalitarian

A just distribution is an equal distribution (jobs and foods given fairly)

Moral objectivism

Idea that some more standards are objective

Moral absolutism

Belief that objective moral principles allows no exceptions in cases and cultures

Subjective relativism

Ethical relativism pertaining to individuals

Cultural relativism

Ethical relativism relating to cultures

Divine command theory

Right actions are commanded by God