Unit 2.8 (Mods 60-64) Intelligence

Who would have been the LEAST enthusiastic about a reliance on eugenics for the improvement of human intellectual functioning?

Binet

Seven-year-old Wilson performs on an intelligence test at a level typical of an average 5-year-old.  Wilbur’s mental age is

5

The bell-shaped pattern that represents the frequency of occurrence of intelligence test scores in the general population is called a

normal distribution

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) __________test.

aptitude

An elementary school child is given a test designed to determine whether or not she should be placed in a class of “gifted” children. The test is probably

an intelligence test.

The fact that a test is given with uniform procedures in administration and scoring means that the test has been

standardized.

Approximately ______ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.

 68%

If a test yields highly similar scores in separate testing sessions it is said to be

reliable.

Which of the following represents the strongest test-retest reliability for a test?

+0.90

A valid test is one that

measures what it is supposed to measure.

Conrad’s economics professor tells the class that the next exam will cover Chapters 5 through 7 of their text. The day of the exam, the professor accidentally photocopies the exam from the previous semester, which includes a number of questions from Chapters 8 and 9. In this case, the students might reasonably argue that the exam

had poor content validity.

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to

predict the school performance of children.

On a normal distribution of IQ test scores, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 points, a score of 85 places you approximately in what percentile of the population?

16th

If genetic factors contribute to IQ scores, then fraternal twins should have

less similar IQ scores than identical twins

Which is the best example of crystallized intelligence?

Tino uses his exceptional vocabulary to excel at Scrabble

Intelligence

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, & use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Charles Spearman

Dev factor analysis

General Intelligence

g, Underlies specific mental abilities & measured by every task on an intelligence test

factor analysis

stat procedure identifying clusters of related items (factors) on a test used to identify diff dimensions of performance that underline one’s total score.

Cattell & Horn

devised a theory of general ability based on 2 factors. Recognizes that intelligence compromises many abilities, but specific abilities exist

Fluid intelligence

Gf, our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, as when solving logic puzzles. Decreases with age

Crystallized intelligence

Gc, our accumulated knowledge, as reflected in vocab and apples skills. Increases with age

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Intelligence Theory

our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc

Primary Mental Abilities

L.L. Thurstone Identified 7 clusters of primary Mental abilities (MVPS WIN)

MVPS WIN

Memory, Verbal comprehension, Perceptual speed, Spatial ability, Word fluency, Inductive reasoning, Numerical ability

Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner, Some Mice Make Big Ideas In Nature

Some Mice Make Big Ideas In Nature

Spatial ability, Memory, math/logic, body/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, natruralistic

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Agrees with Gardner that there is more to success than academic intelligence and that we have multiple Intelligences.

Sternberg Proposes 3 areas of intelligence

PAC

PAC

Practical g, Analytical (academic problem-solving), Creative g

Analytical

book smart; assessed by intelligence tests (well-defined problems with a single right answer)

Creative intelligence

ability to adapt to new situations and generate novel ideas

Practical intelligence

street smart; Required by everyday tasks that may be poorly defined and may have multiple solutions

Francis Galton

eugenics, gen g, made nature vs nurture, created intellectual strength assessment (1884), quantitatively measuring intellectual ability

Alfred Binet

Predicting school achievement; made school test for 504 in france

Lewis Terman

Binet copycat but in US & IQ test

Intelligence Quotient

(mental age/chronological age) *100

Mental Age

Chronological age that most typically correspond to given lvl of performance

Normal Curve

Symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.

Intelligence Test

method for accessing mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

Standardization

Defining uniform testing procedures & meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardized group

Reliability

extent to which a test yields consistent results

Test-Retest Reliability

Using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency

Split-Half Reliability

Dividing the test into two parts, testing part on the same students but on different days, and comparing scores.

Validity

Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Construct Validity

How much a test measures a concepts or trait.

Predictive validity

Success with which a test predicts the behavior its designed to predict. Assessed by computing the correlation btwn test scores and their criterion behavior (ACT, GPA)

Reliability

Consistency

Stereotype threat

self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Stereotype Lift

A performance boost that occurs when ppl are aware that a grp is negatively stereotyped & they compare themselves favorably to that group

Lobes showing association btwn g, brain size, and activity?

Parietal, Frontal

Mental aptitude

Binet, lvl of performance typically associated w. certain chronological age

Aptitude Test

Predicts ability to learn a new skill (Future)

Flynn Effect

Gradual rise of IQ scores

Achievement test

reflects what u learned