LD Ch 7: Development in Middle School

how many hours of sleep should children 6-12 get?

12 hours a day

what percent of middle schoolers in america are obese?

19%

when do children lose their first teeth?

lose at 6 or 7 years old and continues until 12 years old

what stage are middle school children in?

concrete operational stage

concrete operational thinking

able to understand basic logical principles, cause and effect, size, and distance

conservation

property by which the amount of something does not change even if its appearance does

reversibility

we can reverse a sequence of events to return to starting point

seriation

ability to sort objects among multiple dimensions like size and color

divided attention

ability to shift from one stimulus to another

metacognition

thinking about thinking

metamemory

understanding of how memory works, ex. knows short list is easier to remember

intelligence

individual’s ability to adapt to the world around them

general intelligence factor (g)

WHEN A CHILD IS CONSIDERED SMART, THEY ARE EXPECTED TO BE GOOD AT EVERYTHING

fluid intelligence

logic to solve problems in new ways

crystallized intelligence

existing knowledge developed through education and lived experiences

gardener’s intelligences

multiple intelligences that are unique to each person

triarchic theory of intelligence

Sternberg, analytical skills, creative skills, and practical skills

intelligence quotient (IQ)

score intended to quantify human intelligence, standard 100

mental age

abilities that you have that correlate with a particular age

flynn effect

rise in intelligence scores observed over the past few decades

intellectual disability

diagnosed when individual has very low IQ that creates limits in intellectual functioning and challenges adaptive behaviors

giftedness

children with IQ above 130, 2% of children, accelerated learning

behaviorism

student behavior can be influenced by classroom environment

contructivism

Piaget, students play active role in acquiring knowledge by constructing it through experiences rather than just collecting information

self efficacy

confidence in ability to solve a problem or complete a task, believe that they can be successful

dysgraphia

learning disability in writing that often occurs with dyslexia

dyscalculia

learning disability in math

exceptional learner

child with a variety of special needs

least restrictive environment

child should be included in general education with peer who do not have disabilities

metalinguistic awareness

qualities of language and can think about and evaluate a language

phonics approach

helps children translate letters to sounds and put sounds together to create words

whole language approach

teaching reading in natural contexts like books rather than learning single words

balanced literacy approach

mix of sounds a reading