History Of Psychology (PSYC 3332) Exam #4 Review

Kohler argued that his work with chimpanzees showed that the learning process:

is very quick, almost instantaneous

The Gestalt psychologists initially chose to focus on perception ____.

to challenge Wundtian psychology directly

Gestalt is perhaps best translated as

configuration or form

The Gestalt psychologists maintained that a correspondence called ____ exists between perceptual activity and brain activity

isomorphism

A television show with a cliffhanger ending illustrates

the Zeigarnik effect

The "squareness" of a square and the musical melody are both examples of:

Gestalt qualities

Wertheimer called apparent movement the ____

phi phenomenon

Which of the following statements indicates how Gestalt psychology and behaviorism treated the study of consciousness?

Gestalt psychology accepted the study of consciousness but criticized the attempt to analyze it into elements; behaviorism refused to acknowledge the existence of consciousness

A ____ is a quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experiences that does not vary even when the actual sensory elements change

perceptual constancy

The seminal insight leading to Gestalt psychology was experienced by

Wertheimer

According to Freud, the biological, need-related, pleasure seeking part of everyone's personality is the ____

id

According to the lecture, which of the following was a major tool of psychoanalysis as determined by Freud?

free association and dream analysis

Many people consider Freud's most important book to be

The Interpretation of Dreams

Josef Breuer found that Anna O obtained some symptomatic relief form

talking out her hallucinations under hypnosis

The Oedipal conflict occurs during the ____ stage of development

phallic

What was the most prominent "inaugural" case that launched the whole theory of psychoanalysis?

the case of Anna O

Freud believed that all dreams

represent wish fulfillment

Freud's seduction theory was the idea of neuroses result from

childhood sexual abuse

In his system of personality, Freud replaced the conscious/unconscious distinction with the concept of ____

id, ego, and superego

Which of the following did Freud view as the organism's conscience?

superego

A major figure who collaborated with Freud in developing the concept of defense mechanisms was:

Anna Freud

For Adler, the child most likely to have problems in adulthood is the

youngest

Anna Freud's pioneering work was ____

on child analysis

Karen Horney disagreed most specifically with which aspect of Freud's theory?

his "phallocentric" views of female sexuality

Jung's Analytical Psychology, compared to Freud's psychoanalysis was:

a brand of psychology that focuses less on sexuality and more on culture, religion, dream analysis, the unconscious mind, and the collective unconscious

Which of the following is a psychological approach that emphasizes the human need to overcome inferiority and achieve dominance, while still maintaining a sense of positive social interest

Alfred Adler's individual psychology

In addition to the personal unconscious, Jung believed that we have a deeper unconscious he called the

collective unconscious

Inferiority feelings, according to Adler, develop in ____

everyone

Who developed the notion that one's position in birth order could predict their later outcomes in life?

Alfred Adler

Much of Carl Jung's personality psychology focused on 4 major archetypes. Which archetype was defined as the face we let others see?

Persona

American psychology's "Third Force" is

humanistic psychology

Humanistic psychology can be defined as focus on which aspects of the self?

positive

In Milgram's experiment in which research participants were ordered to deliver dangerous electrical shocks to individuals who made mistakes in learning word pairs, ____ of the participants showed total obedience by delivering 450v shocks to the learners

65%

In Roger's therapy, an environment is created in which the therapist contributes

unconditional positive regard

In order to study the power of social roles, a prison environment was simulated by which researcher?

Zimbardo

The approach to therapy most associated with Carl Rogers is often called

person-centered therapy

The highest in Maslow's hierarchy is for

self-actualization

Stanley Milgram is best known for his work on

obedience, using a simulated learning task

The Stanford Prison Study by Zimbardo illustrates

the power of social roles

The point of Asch's famous "lines" study was to demonstrate how readily we will

conform to group opinion