13 - Abdominal Wall, Omentum, and Mesentery 2026

Small-sized defects

Incarceration of umbilical hernias is more common in what size of defect? Large or small?

Patent urachus

Urine flow from the umbilicus is a sign of?

Defect >4 cm, contains the liver

A giant omphalocele is defined by a defect > ___ cm and contains the ___

Omphalocele

Omphalocele vs gastroschisis: bowel and solid viscera are covered by peritoneum and amniotic membrane

Gastroschisis

Omphalocele vs gastroschisis: defect in anterior abdominal wall, typically to the right of the umbilicus, where intestinal contents freely protrude

Omphalocele

Omphalocele vs gastroschisis: associated with cloacal exstrophy, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Cantrell's pentalogy

Gastroschisis

Omphalocele vs gastroschisis: associated with intestinal atresia, undescended testis, and malrotation

Lax lower abdominal musculature

Dilated urinary tract

Bilateral undescended testes

What is the triad of Prune Belly Syndrome?

Pulmonary hypoplasia

What is the most significant comorbidity of Prune Belly Syndrome?

Ureteral dilatation

What is the major genitourinary manifestation of Prune Belly Syndrome?

Incisional hernia

These hernias develop at sites of previous abdominal incisions from prior surgeries

No

No fascial defect, no herniation of contents, just widening of rectus muscles

Is diastasis recti considered a hernia?

Fothergill sign – rectus sheath hematoma

68/F on warfarin presents with acute-onset sharp RLQ pain noted after coughing. PE reveals a tender mass in the abdomen that does not cross the midline and remains palpable when the patient lifts her head off the examination table. What is this classic sign, and what is the diagnosis?

Greater omentum

Forms fibrin adhesions at sites of inflammation, walling off peritoneal infection

What is considered the "policeman of the abdomen"?

Metastatic

The majority of omental masses are ___ in origin

Ovarian cancer

What is the most common cancer with omental involvement?

Tillaux sign of mesenteric cysts

An abdominal mass lesion that is only mobile laterally is diagnostic for a mesenteric cyst. What is this sign called?

Lymphoma

What is the most common malignant neoplasm of the mesentery?