JUST 101 Midterm Review

Warren Court

Warren Court

A court decision that changed the constitution, making police obey the consititution after the Civil Rights movement

When is the only time you say “Beyond a Reasonable Doubt”

Standard proof and criminal trial (Not probable cause)

Difference between probabale cause and beyond a reasonable doubt

You need probable cause to arrest someone but you do not need to be beyond a reasonable doubt

Frisking

A search procedure where an officer pats down a person's outer clothing to detect any concealed weapons or illegal items.

Do you need probable cause to frisk?

No, you just need an articulable (you can put it to words)

Frisking procedures

Allowed to talk, must frisk quickly

Booking Procedures

Know who you are, take photographs of your body, write down all tatoos, fingerprint (Not asking questions or reading any rights) at headquarters

Who sets bail?

A judge

What are the two juries?

Grant and petit juries

Which jury is more important?

The petit jury

Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

Says how many cleared crimes were reported at all police levels

Who runs the UCR?

The FBI

What does it mean if a crime is cleared?

An arrest was made

Who is the #1 cause of crime?

Young Men

Why was the crime rate during WWII down?

All of the young men were fighting in the war

Most murders occur with what weapon?

Guns

Felony Murder

A legal doctrine where a person can be charged with murder if they commit a felony that results in someone's death, even if they did not intend to kill or if they did not commit the murder but an accomplice did.

Date Rape

Rape that occurs on a date, not a term legally

Robbery

Theft with force

What term also means theft?

Larceny (usually reffered to with larger amounts)

Burglary

Entering a house with the intent to commit a crime

Are burglers caught most of the time?

No.

Victim report

A survey of victims that is 2 times more accurate then actual reported crime

Do a majority of people report sexual assualt?

No, around 30% reports.

Hate Crime

A crime commited driven by hate of a group, essentially doubles the sentence of the initial crime

Common Law

All results of cases through the courts

Statutes

Laws enacted by a legislative body that have been formally written and codified (Federal statues: Congress passes)

Ordinance

Laws passed by local towns

Crimial Justice

Justice involving actual laws

Civil Justice

Justice involving lawsuits, car accidents, etc.

Social Justice

the concept of fair and just relations between individuals and society.

Administrative Law

Laws regarding licensing

Which is worse: felonies or misdemeanors

Felonies

What courts are misdemeanors found in?

Municipal Court

Mens Rea

To have reason, knowing right from wrong

Who does not have Mens Rea

Those with mental disabilities, kids under 7, insanity plea

What crime is Mens Rea not applied to?

Statutory Rape

What is the age of reason?

7

Double Jeopardy

Legal principle that prevents an individual from being tried or punished twice for the same offense

Stand Your Ground Laws

Allow individuals to use force in self-defense without retreating first. These laws vary by state.

What do typical police duties involve?

Less than 2% invloved actual force, not crime

Police Departments

Local, County, State, Federal

How many cops are employed at most stations?

Less than 10 cops

All evidence is ____ if not found properly

Excluded

If you are being arrested, you cannot…

Flee or fight a police officer, even if you are not told you’re being under arrest

Miranda Rights

A set of rights that must be read to individuals upon arrest, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

Miranda rights are read when…

A suspect is in custody and are being interragated

Taking bribes is considered…

Police Corruption

How many police officers are mudered every year

100-150 Police Officers

Where is the police memorial located?

Washington D.C.

Do more police work for private or public police?

Private Police

Police Brutality

An officer is brutal when they go beyond expected force and are unreasonable

Where is police brutality consequences decided?

In Court

Do most defendents post bail?

Yes

Grand Jury takes a ____ to indite

Majority

What group has the highest victim rate?

Young Males

Why do young males have the highest victim rate?

They are out late at night

Due Process

The legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. It ensures fair treatment and protection of individual rights in legal proceedings

Stalking Requires…

Two threatening contacts

White Collar Crime

Non-violent crimes committed by individuals or organizations, typically in business or professional settings, for financial gain. Examples include fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, and money laundering.

Arson

Crime of intentional fires

Deadly Force

The amount of force that is likely to cause death or serious bodily harm

Home is Your Castle Law

Allows individuals to defend their homes against intruders without the duty to retreat, similar to stand your ground laws.

What are British Cops called?

Bobbys

Legal Aspects of the Bill of Rights

Right to a speedy trial, Right to post Bail, Right to be told your trial

Search Warrent Exceptions

If a circumstance is exigent

Organized Crime

Decentralized and global, with multiple gangs working together

Mass Murder

4+ deaths

Corpus Delecti

Latin Law meaning “body of crime”

Crime of Entrapment

A legal defense that argues a person was induced by law enforcement to commit a crime they would not have otherwise committed. It involves persuasion or coercion by authorities.

Plain View

If a police officer sees a crime, they dont need a warrant to search

Steps of the Crimial Justice System

• Police get a call

• Investigate

• Arrest/Question

• Set Bail

• Grand Jury indites

• Arraignment

• Plea

• Trial

• Sentence Hearing

• Parole

Blue Code

• The belief that it is the police against the people from the police point of view

• This could range from giving a police officer more aid if injured on the scene to not reporting a crime because an officer commited it

Crime in America Toward Women

Catcalling, Rape, Sexual Assualt, Domestic Abuse

Federal Agencies

• FBI

• Drug Enforcement Agency

• Agriculture Police

• Post Office

• Border Patrol

• CIA (ish)

• Alcohol, Firearm, and Tobacco (AFT)

• US Marshal