Body Fluids Exam 4 Study guide

Which of the following statements regarding serous fluid is true?

It is an ultrafiltrate of plasma formed by serous membranes

Which of the following laboratory results on a serous fluid is most likely to be caused by a traumatic tap?

Increased RBC

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with an exudative effusion?

Pneumonia

Which of the following conditions is associated with a chylous effusion?

Lymphatic obstruction

A glucose concentration difference greater than 30 mg/dL between the serum and an effusion is associated with

Bacterial infection

Congestive heart failure

Transudate

Cirrhosis

Transudate

Nephrotic syndrome

Transudate

Hypothyroidism (myxedema)

Transudate

Saline overload

Transudate

Constrictive pericarditis

Transudate

Infections (viral, bacterial, TB)

Exudate

Neoplasms/malignancy

Exudate

Pulmonary embolism

Exudate

Pancreatitis

Exudate

Rheumatoid arthritis

Exudate

SLE

Exudate

Chylous effusion (thoracic duct obstruction)

Exudate

Pneumonia (parapheumonic effusion)

Exudate

Mesothelioma

Exudate

A pleural or peritoneal fluid amylase level two times higher than the serum amylase level can be found in effusions resulting from

Pancreatitis

Chylous and pseudochylous effusions are differentiated by their

Triglycerides (Chylous high) and cholesterol crystals (pseudochylous)

Plural transudates differ from pleural exudates in that transudates have:

Low protein, low LDH, low WBCs

Pleural Fluid from a patient with congestive heart failure would be expected to:

Transudate (clear, low protein, low cells)

A fluid sample was collected by thoracentesis. A serum sample was collected immediately afterward. The LD fluid to serum ratio was 0.9. There were 5,000 WBC/uL, with 75% PMNs (segs). Which of the following describes the fluid?

Exudate

Which of the following characteristics is higher for synovial fluid than for the serous
fluid?

Protein

What type of cell is a “ragocyte”?

PMN with ingested immune complexes (RA)

Which of the following crystals is the cause of “pseudogout?

Calcium pyrophosphate (CPPD)

A synovial fluid sample is examined using a polarizing microscope with a red compensating filter. Crystals are seen that are yellow when the long axis of the crystal is parallel to the slow vibrating light. When the long axis of the crystal is perpendicular to the slow vibrating light, the crystals appear blue. What type of crystal is present?

MSU crystals (gout)

The mucin clot test determines the presence of synovial fluid ___.

Hyaluronic acid

What is added to the synovial fluid to determine the viscosity?

2% Acetic acid

Crystals that appear needle-shaped under polarized light and are yellow when aligned with the slow vibration of compensated polarized light are

MSU (gout)

Match the synovial crystal with their clinical significance: MSU

Gout

Match the synovial crystal with their clinical significance: Corticosteroid crystals

Injections

Match the synovial crystal with their clinical significance: None/apatite

Osteoarthritis

Match the synovial crystal with their clinical significance: CPPD

Pseudogout

Match the characteristics of synovial fluids with their corresponding group category: Colorless, clear, 57 WBCs, 10% neutrophils

Normal

Match the characteristics of synovial fluids with their corresponding group category: Milky, 80,000 WBC, 40% neutrophils, MSU

Group II (inflammatory)

Match the characteristics of synovial fluids with their corresponding group category: Red, cloudy, 210,000 RBC, 15,000 WBCs, 45% neutrophils

Group IV (hemorrhagic)

Match the characteristics of synovial fluids with their corresponding group category: Yellow, cloudy, 80,000 WBCs, 85% neutrophils

Group III (septic)

Match the characteristics of synovial fluids with their corresponding group category: Yellow, purulent, 220,000 WBCs, 98% neutrophils

Group III (septic)

Match the characteristics of synovial fluids with their corresponding group category: Xanthochromic, 10,000 WBCs, 30% neutrophils, erythrophagocytosis

Group IV (hemorrhagic)

A repeat semen analysis for fertility testing is reported as follows:
VOLUME: 3.5 mL SPERM CONCENTRATION: 6 million/mL
VISCOSITY: Normal SPERM MOTILITY: 30%—grade 1.0
PH: 7.5 MORPHOLOGY: <30% normal-forms—30 spermatids/100 sperm
The results correspond with the first analysis. Which of the following test results are abnormal?

Concentration, motility, spermatids

What is the sperm count on this specimen?

Concentration: 6 millions/mL

Volume: 3.5 mL

Concentration x volume

21 million

What is the spermatid count?

Concentration: 6 millions/mL

Volume: 3.5 mL

30 spermatids per 100 sperm

1.8 Million

Which of the following results would be considered abnormal for seminal fluid?

Liquefaction >60 minutes

Which of the following studies is performed by aspirating seminal fluid with a Pasteur
pipette and observing the formation of droplets as it is allowed to fall under only the influence of gravity?

Viscosity (threading)

Evaluation of sperm morphology is performed by staining an air-dried smear with Wright, Giemsa, or Papanicolaou stain and evaluating 200 sperm using:

Kruger strict criteria

Which of the following sample preparations is appropriate to use for evaluation of sperm agglutination?

Wet preparation

Which of the following would be evidence of a successful vasectomy?

No sperm or rare nonmotile sperm

Which semen result would be considered abnormal?

Count 10 million/mL

Which stain is used to measure sperm viability?

Eosin-nigrosin

Maturation of spermatozoa takes place in the:

Epididymis

Enzymes for the coagulation and liquidation of semen are produced by the

Prostate

The major component of seminal fluid is

Seminal vesicle fluid

Failure of laboratory personnel to document the time a semen sample is collected
primarily affects the interpretation of semen:

Motility and liquefaction

The percentage of sperm showing average motility that is considered normal is:

> 40% progressive

The normal sperm concentration is

5-10 million/mL

Grading criteria for sperm motility: 0

Immotile

Grading criteria for sperm motility: 1

Motile, without forward progression

Grading criteria for sperm motility: 2

Motile, with slow nonlinear or meandering progression

Grading criteria for sperm motility: 3

Motile, with moderate linear (forward) progression

Grading criteria for sperm motility: 4

Motile, with strong linear (foward) progession

Normal sperm morphology criteria is

>4% normal

Round cells that are of concern and may be included in sperm counts and morphology analysis are:

Immature spermatids

The concentration of which of the following substances can be used to positively identify a fluid as seminal fluid?

Acid phosphotase

Which of the following sample collection and processing conditions will lead to
inaccurate seminal fluid analysis result

Incompletel collection, the use of condoms and lubricant, and delayed testing