AP United States History Unit 1

“City Upon a Hill”

A phrase used by John Winthrop in 1630 to describe the Puritan colony in New England, symbolizing the idea of America as a model of Christian charity and moral integrity for the world. It also represented that this puritan colony would set an example to others.

Duke of York land grant

Formerly known as the Dutch’s New Netherlands but was lost and given to the Duke of York becoming New York and New Jersey. Land was given to his favorites.

Mercantilism

An economic policy and theory by Great Britain that aimed at the control of the colonies as well as the benefit of the mother country

Roger Williams

A puritan who left England due to religious controversy in 1630 and owned the charter for Rhode Island and Providence plantations which was a safe place for dissenters who sought for freedom of their religion.

1st Africans in Jamestown

The first group of enslaved Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619, marking the beginning of a system of racial slavery in the British colonies.

English Bill of rights

A 1689 act that wrote the rights of Englishmen into the law and more parliamentary actions such as taxing and introducing the rights of individuals.

Middle Passage

The second portion or middle part of the trade routes linking Europe, the colonies, and Africa

Salem Witch Trials

Showed the failure of the justice system in Massachusetts dissolved the Salem court, scientific explanations.

Acts of religious toleration

All protestants could worship freely, so owning land meant only voting power and not church membership + royal colony

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First instance of a constitution in 1639 setting it up a a self governing colony, where free men could elect people.

Nathaniel Bacon

Former indentured servant who had no land so he moved into native territory but the government said no, so he fights and burns part of James town. He was hanged after he was found.

Spanish Armada

A fleet sent in 1588 that was meant to fight in Europe and lost allowing for the growth of English Colonies

African Slave trade

British: Cities profited a lot from them specifically Liverpool and Bristol

Colonies: Shipped to Caribbean or other colonies

Africa: Got rich and controlled what slaves were sent out, and played Europeans off of eachother

Georgia founded (Oglethorpe)

Given land form the King, George Oglethorpe was intended to use Georgia as a military buffer between Spain and the colonies and suceeded. He also used it to rehabilitate prisoners, and refuge refugees but failed.

Navigation Acts

It was implemented by Great Britain that intended to control the colonies for the profit of the mother country.

Stono Rebellion

Former soldiers who were slaved raided a store and got guns, and burned buildings and killed whites while gaining followers to go to Spanish Florida in order to be free.

American Execptionalism

The belief that the Americas were better than others giving them a moral purpose.

Great Migration

The movement for tens of thousands of puritans from Europe to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

New England

Included Massachusetts (Plymouth and Bay Colony), New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island had natural harbors, didn’t farm and rarely used slaves

Swedes in Delaware

Swedes settled in there in 1638 making new Sweden and fort christina and log cabins

Anglican Church

Known a church of England in the southern colonies and is the main church, and does some tax supported churching.

Halfway Convenant

Allowed Non-Baptist kids to be baptized and allow them in the church with partial membership w/o having puritan parents due to the thinning numbers in the church and less committed children of elects.

New France

Ceded to British in 7 years war included, Canada, Acadia, Louisiana.

Tobacco, Sugar, Rice ,Indigo

Cash Crops in the southern colonies and led to the use of plantations and slavery.

Anne Hutchinson

She believed that the spirit of god was a gift and wasn’t able to be earned. Inner state of grace > Morals and attendance

Harvard Establishment

It was a college made for the sole purpose of allowing a higher education to train educated ministry/ government officials.

New Hampshire Founded

It was a royal colony that was founded in 1677 by People that dislike Massachusetts and went north.

Virginia

Southern Colonies, tobacco, similar to structure of England, large use of slaves

Bacon’s Rebellion

Small Farmers in Virginia wanted land but they weren't in the Governor’s inner circle so they didn’t get any, and burned James town and fight (Nathaniel Bacon)

Hooker founded Hartford

Thomas Hooker(Religious and political leader) founded it in 1636 moved a long way to form a place near the Connecticut river called Newtown and later Hartford, and helped create fundamental orders of connecticut.

New Spain

3 G’s Econmienda system, Mexico, Central America, Southwest US, Florida, and Caribbean

Virginia Company

In 1606 King James gave them the charter, it was a joint stock company. Main purpose was to spread Anglican Church and get money in North America. Loses charter after Powhatan war.

Bartolomé de las casas

Priest who advocated for rights in the Americas for Indigenous people against Spanish cruelty.

House of Burgesses

In 1619 Virginia it became the first instance of an elected assembly in the American colonies

New World

The nickname of the Americas since it was recently found and considered a New World due to it being a contient

Virginia House Of Burgesses

Possibly refer to House of Burgesses

George Calvert

He believed in a place where Catholics and Protestants could live together, also founder of Maryland

Indentured Servitude

Some people lacked the money to travel to the Americas, so they sold their freedom away into service. Usually from 5 to 8 terms they would be free and granted some land.

New York Founding

Founded after being lost by the dutch and given to the duke of York who gave it to his best friends.

William & Mary College

Intended to elevate the education of the clergy, and the gentry

Carolinas Created

Spread through 8 Lord propiertors

Indigenous tribes

Natives that were in the U.S when the colonists arrived and relation slowly went downhill.

Old World

Europe

William Penn

Quaker who believed in religious tolerance and a good relation with natives.

John Smith

An explorer, soldier, and author who believed that people were the master of their own land.

Carolina’s Divided

Happened in 1712 due to the difference in living conditions creating an inability for a single government to govern those areas.

Iroqouis Confederacy

Allied with the English(New York) to create a covenant chain who fought the French and opposing natives. This lead to a policy of neutrality and tradings of fur.

Pennsylvania Founding

1681 King Charles gives the charted to William Penn, who recruited people from different minorities, and wanted to be on good terms with the natives. Pennsylvania had laws based on Quaker Beliefs.

Cash Crops

Crops made solely the gain of money. ie Sugar, Tobacco, Indigo, and rice

Jamestown

1607 in Virginia, Land was given through the headright system.

• House of burgesses

• John Smith

• John Rolfe: Managed Tensions with native by marrying Pocahontas.

Pequot War- Battle of Mystic

Pequot and Narragansett’s versus the Mohagans and the Massachusetts Bay Colony. This lead to the death of 500 members of the Pequot tribe.

Plantation

Large farms that usually held cash crops which had slaves on them which organization varied depending on the crop grown. Referred to as a colony landing on alien soil.

King Philips War (Metacom)

A conflict between 1675-1676 between Native Ammericans of the Wampanoag versus the New England Colonies due to resist assimilation. Leading to death of many people on both sides and significant decrease in native American power

Charles 1 Prosecutes the Puritans

He prosecuted many protestants thru many anti puritan policies making puritans emigrate to America to make the Massachusetts Bay colony

John Winthrop

2 Liberties, and Founder of the Massachusetts Bay colonies

Plymouth

Place in Massachusetts where pilgrims settled. Created the mayflower compact, and Separatist and who were prosecuted by King Charles the 1st.

NYC Slave Riots

1712 Slaves set fires to buildings, killing 7 people.

1741 Panic is set due to a possibility of slave burning down buildings with white conspirators and give the land of New York to Spain ore burn the place down. 34 killed, and 150 blacks and 20 whites were arrested

Chattel Slavery

Slaves were considered as personal property ( bought sold and mentioned on wills )

Joint Stock Company

A private business where people invested in shares for large scale business plans happening in the new world, letting people share profits and the risks.

Poor Richard’s Almanac

Written by Benjamin Franklin was a wide spread book and rotated yearly.

Chesapeake Colonies

Included Virginia and Maryland on Chesapeake Bay

Maryland Founded

Propriety Colony by Lord Baltimore( George Calvert) who shared the land to the people. Allowed Catholics.

Popes Rebellion

Uprising in new Mexico lead by the pueblo people and prove Spanish out for 12 years to defend themselves against religious oppression under the encomienda system.

Church of England

Created by King Henry when the Pope wouldn’t marry Aragon. Support for this would become anti puritan causing them to leave.

Massachusetts

Pilgrims and Puritans, Boston’s city Upon a Hill and attempted to purify church of England. Believed in conformity(no individualism).

Self governing towns, with churches and schools

Male church members vote “principle of consent”

Puritans

People who had the idea of purifying the church of England in the Americas in catholicisms. Main Person: John winthrop in 1630

Dominion of New England

Formed with all colonies north of New Jersey which falls apart after a revolution.

Mayflower Compact

people sign that leaders will be chosen and people will agree to the laws they make.

Quakers

God was in everyone and had better guidance than the bible

Antimionism

Christians aren’t binded by the law due to god’s grace

Headright System

People got land based on how much people were in the group/owned 50 acres per head.

Triangular Trade

Trade network that linked Europe, the colonies, and Africa to each other.

New Netherlands

Owned by the dutch and would be New York once the British invades them.