Biology Test 1

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

They speed up reactions by lowering activation energy

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Lack of a nucleus

Which macromolecule is primarily used for long-term energy storage?

lipids

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

protein synthesis

Describe facilitated diffusion

passive movement of molecules through a membrane via transport proteins

which structure regulates what enters and exits the cell

cell membrane

what are the properties of water that support life

universal solvent, cohesion and adhesion, and high specific heat

what type of bond forms between water molecules

hydrogen bond

which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion

Golgi apparatus

what macromolecules is made of amino acids

proteins

which process allows water to move across a membrane

osmosis

A well-substantiated explanation based on evidence.

scientific theory

A testable prediction or educated guess

scientific hypothesis

What is needed to passively move through a cell

a concentration gradient

Which type of cells have a cell membrane?

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

All chemical reactions in the body that maintain life.

metabolism

Which process requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient?

active transport

is a series of membrane proteins participating in sequential, linked oxidation-reduction reactions.

electron transport chain

a process which involves a series of chemical reactions that release energy from sugar, producing ATP from ADP.

Cellular respiration

does simple diffusion require energy

no

is simple diffusion active or passive transport

passive transport

does osmosis require energy

no

is osmosis passive or active transport

passive

describe a isotonic solution

water moves equally into and out of cell; equal solute concentration

describe a hypotonic solution

higher solute concentration inside cell

describe a hypertonic solution

lower solute concentration inside cell

does facilitated diffusion require energy

no

what organelles are in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

cell membrane, cytoplasm, dna, and ribosomes

is publishing necessary to complete the scientific method

no

True or false: repeatable ideas are necessary

true

What is the primary measure scientist share their findings

share and publish

True or false: having multiple variable is a highlight of the scientific method

false

does animal eukaryotic cells possess a cell wall

no

does plant eukaryotic cells possess a cell wall

yes

what are the properties of water (6)

cohesion, adhesive,excellent solvent, regulates temperature, expands when it freezes, participate in chemical reactions,

in order list the taxonomic hierarchy

Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

list the hierarchy of biological organizations

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism→population→community→ecosystem