Endocrine System: Hormones and Disorders

Hypothyroidism

has Hashimoto, infantile hypo., adult hypo., and simple goiter

Hashimoto

Autoantibodies destroy thyroid cells

Infantile Hypothyroidism

Stunted growth, puffy

Adult Hypothyroidism

Low metabolic rate, swollen

Simple Goiter

Caused by iodine deficiency

Hyperthyroidism

has graves disease

Graves Disease

Autoimmune disorder growth of thyroid and hypersecretion of T3 T4

Diabetes

Has type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Immune system attacks beta cells, hyperglycemia results, little insulin

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin receptors on target cells aren't sensitive to insulin

GH Disorders

pituitary dwarfism, pituitary gigantism, acromegaly

Pituitary Dwarfism

Hypersecretion of GH; Short stature

Pituitary Gigantism

Hypersecretion of GH during growth years; rapid growth in height

Acromegaly

Hypersecretion of GH after bone plates close; increase of soft tissue in face

Antidiuretic Hormone Disorder

diabetes insipidus

Diabetes Insipidus

Hyposecretion of ADH; mimic diabetes, dehydration, thirst, urinate more

Adrenocortico Disorders

has Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease: and Conn's syndrome

Cushing's Syndrome

Hypersecretion of cortisol; 'moon face', hyperglycemia

Addison's Disease

Hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones; mental lethargy, nausea, weight loss

Conn's Syndrome

Hypersecretion of aldosterone; high levels of Na+, hypertension

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

ADH and OT

ADH

increases water retention

OT

stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in uterus and promotes the release of breast milk

anterior pituitary hormones

has TSH, ACTH, PRL, GH, FSH, LH

TSH

stimulates release of thyroid hormones

ACTH

stimulates the release of cortisol

PRL

enhances breast development and milk production

GH

stimulates growth in bone and muscle

FSH

stimulates egg/sperm production

LH

stimulates a release of sex hormones

Pineal Gland

has melatonin

Melatonin

light/dark cycles

Thyroid gland

has T4, T3, and calcitonin

T4

increases metabolism

T3

increases metabolism

calcitonin

lower high blood calcium levels

Parathyroid

has PTH

PTH

respond to low blood calcium levels

adrenal cortex

has aldosterone and cortisol

aldosterone

regulate concentration of electrolytes

cortisol

affects glucose metabolism

adrenal medulla

has epinephrine and norepinephrine

epinephrine and norepinephrine

increases heart rate, increases blood pressure, dilate airways, etc.

pancreas

has alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells

alpha cells

secrete glucagon

beta cells

secrete insulin

delta celts

secrete somatostatin

thymus

has thymosins

thymosins

affect production of white blood cells

ovaries

has estrogen and progesterone

estrogen

secondary sex characteristics, breast development, control of menstrual cycle

progesterone

cause breast development, control of menstrual cycle

testes

testosterone

testosterone

secondary sex characteristics, produces sperm

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