quiz 3

what is the unit for wbc count

x10^9/L

what is the formula for an absolute wbc count

abs count = relative count (%) x total wbc count

leukocytosis

elevated wbc count

leukopenia/leukocytopenia

decreased wbc count

what does a left shift mean for wbc morphology

there is infection

will see elevated neutrophils, bands and sometimes metamyelocytes

neutrophilia

elevated neutrophil count

neutropenia

decreased neutrophil count

lymphocytosis

elevated lymphocytes

lymphocytopenia/lymphopenia

decreased lymphocytes

monocytosis

elevated monocytes

monocytopenia

decreased monocytes

eosinophilia

increased eosinophils

basophilia

increased basophils

rbc count is expressed in

x10^12/L

hemoglobin is an indicator of what when it is decreased

anemia

hemoglobin is measured in

g/L

hematocrit is

the relative volume of packed red cells to whole bloof

the ratio of packed red cells to plasma

hematocrit is expressed as

% or in L/L

as rbc count decreases, HCT…

decreases

what is the rule of 3 for HGB and HCT

hemoglobin x 3 = HCT

the rule of 3 only holds true when

the red cells are normochromic and normocytic

HCT and HGB in someone with anemia will be

decreased

RBC in someone with anemia will be

decreased

what is one exception for having decreased red cell counts with anemia

Thalassemia

red cell indices are used to

classify the type of anemia based on size of the red cells and hemoglobin count

what is MCV

the average red cell volume

MCV is expressed in

fL

formula for MCV

HCT/Red cell count

where HCT is a whole number not a decimal

decreased MCV means

cells are smaller than normal

smaller than normal cells are called

microcytic

increased MCV means

cells are larger than normal

larger than normal cells is called

Macrocytic

Normal MCV is called

normocytic

MCH

the average amount of hemoglobin on the red cell

MCH is expressed in

pg

formula for MCH

hemoglobin/red cell count

what is MCHC

the average concentration of hemoglobin in a volume of packed red cells

what is the formula for mchc

hemoglobin/hematocrit

what causes decreased MCHC

decreased hemoglobin concentration or increased center pallor

decreased mchc is called

hypochromic

what causes increased mchc

increased hemoglobin or decreased/absent center pallor

what is increased mchc called

hyperchromic

what is normal mchc called

normochromic

what is rdw

the size variation of the red cells

what is rdw used to detect

used with MCV to detect IDA

what is increased rdw known as

anisocytosis

what is recticulocyte count

the number of reticulocytes per 100 red cells

what is recticulocyte count expressed as

%

high reticulocyte count is called

polychromasia

formula for recticulocyte count

recticulocyte count x rbc count / 100

formula for rpi

recticulocyte count / maturation time x patient hct/mean hct

what do nucleated red cells do

interfere with white cell count

what is the formula to correct for NRBC in the white cell count

wbc count x 100 / nrbc count + 100

platelet count is expressed in

10^9 / L

what is thrombocytosis

increased platelet count

what is thrombocytopenia

decreased platelet count

mpv is expressed in

fL

increased mpv means

larger than normal platelets

decreased mpv means

smaller than normal platelets

what does hypogranular mean

reduced granulation

what does hyper granulation mean

increased granulation

what does pancytopenia mean

decreased counts of all cells (rbc,wbc,platelets)

what does pancytosis mean

increases in all cell types (rbc,wbc,platelets)

hematopoiesis occurs mostly in the

bone marrow

how much blood is found in adults

6L

45% of blood is made of

cells (rbc,wbc,platelets)

55% of blood is made of

plasma

90% of plasma is

water

10% of plasma is

soluble biochemicals

what is the mesoblastic stage of hematopoiesis

earliest stage

occurs in the yolk sac 19-20 days after gestation

what is the hepatic phase of hematopoiesis

occurs in the liver 5-6 weeks gestation

lasts 1-2 weeks after birth

what happens in the hepatic phase of hematopoiesis

lymphoid cells begin to appear

what stage of hematopoiesis occurs extravascularly

hepatic

what is the myeloid (medullary) phase of hematopoiesis

occurs just before 5th month of gestation in the bone marrow

when does the bone marrow become the primary site of hematopoiesis

24 weeks gestation

what is granulopoiesis

production of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

what is lymphopoiesis

production of lymphocytes

megakaryopoiesis

production of megakaryotes

thrombopoiesis

production of platelets

what is the function of red marrow

to produce blood cells

what is the function of yellow marrow

replaces red marrow with fat cells

what percent of body weight does bone marrow make up

3.4-5.9%

the ratio of red marrow to yellow marrow is called

marrow cellularity

red marrow declines by ______ after the age of 70 every year

10%

what is the function of marrow stromal cells

provides a playground for cells to grow and mature

generates colony stimulating cells

what are the collection sites for bone marrow

posterior superior iliac crest )PSIC

anterior superior iliac crest ASIC

sternum

anterior medial surface of tibia

bone marrow smears are fixed with

methanol

bone marrow smears are stained with

wright’s stain