biology quiz #18

dominant

alleles that are expressed/seen even in the presence of a contrasting allele

recessive

alleles which are expressed only in the presence a similar allele

Law of Segregation

homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis

therefore, each gamete contains one member of each homologous pair

Law of Independent Assortment

traits segregate independently

the inheritance of a particular trait is not dependent on the inheritance of any other particular trait

Law of Dominance

some alleles can hide or mask the presence of other alleles for the same trait

probability

the likelihood that a particular event will occur

past outcomes do not affect future outcomes

Punnett square

uses mathematical probability to help predict the outcomes of a genetic cross

requires short-hand for representing alleles

phenotype

the observable, physical characteristics of an organism

e.g. it’s tall with yellow, constricted pods

genotype

the genetic make-up of an organism

what alleles it carries for each gene

homozygous dominant

carries two dominant alleles for that gene