Organic Chemistry

manifesting makapasa

Phenyl

is an alkyl group connected to the benzene ring

Phenol

is an alcohol connected to the benzene ring

Alkyl Halides

also called haloalkanes

Organic Chemistry

study of carbon compounds

Organic Compounds

are the primary constituents of all living things

Biochemistry

deals with organic compounds

Nonpolar Compounds

have symmetrical charge and do not dissolve in polar solvents like water

London Dispersion Forces

weakest intermolecular force

London Dispersion Forces

what intermolecular force do nonpolar organic compounds have?

Covalent Bond

what bond do carbon compounds have

Structural Formula

a 2D model that shows bonding patterns & shpaes of molecules

4 bonds

how many bonds does a carbon have?

Single Bond

a bond in which atoms share 1 pair of electrons

Double Bond

a bond in which atoms share 2 pairs of electrons

Triple Bond

a bond in which atoms share 3 pairs of electrons

Saturated Compounds

organic compounds where carbon atoms have single bonds (e.g. methane)

Unsaturated Compounds

organic compounds where carbon atoms have double or triple bonds (e.g. ethene)

Hydrocarbons

are organic compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

Alkanes

simplest members of the hydrocarbon family

Alkanes

saturated hydrocarbons

Alkanes

its general formula is CnH2n+2

Alkenes

unsaturated hydrocarbons that have one double bond

Alkenes

its general formula is CnH2n

Alkenes

also called ethylene series

Isomers

compounds that have same molecular formulas but different structural formulas and properties

Alkynes

unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain 1 triple bond

Alkynes

its general formula is CnH2n-2

Alkynes

also called acetylene series

Alkyl Groups

have one less hydrogen from corresponding alkanes and are usually represented by R-H

Aromatic Compounds

a hydrocarbon that contains one or more benzene-like rings

Arene

a term used to describe aromatic compounds

Ar

symbol for an aromatic group

Aromatic Compounds

these compounds usually have sweet smells

Resonance Structure of Benzene

provided the first adequate descritpion of the structure of benzene

Linus Pauling

who developed the Resonance Structure of Benzene

Functional Groups

are groups or atoms within a molecule that show a characteristic set of predictable physical and chemical properties

Functional Groups

undergo the same types of chemical reactions no matter in what molecule they’re found

Alcohols

contains an -OH group bonded to a tetrahderal carbon atom

Alcohols

CH3Ch2CH2CH2OH is an example of what?

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary

what are the three classifications of alcohols?

Primary

a classification of alcohol wherein the carbon where the -OH is attached to is bonded to one carbon group

Secondary

a classification of alcohol wherein the carbon where the -OH is attached to is bonded to two carbon groups

Tertiary

a classification of alcohol wherein the carbon where the -OH is attached to is bonded to three carbon groups

Amines

a compound containing an amino group (e.g. NH2)

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary

what are the classifications of Amines?

Primary

a classification of amine where the amino group is attached to one carbon group

Secondary

a classification of amine where the amino group is attached to two carbon groups

Tertiary

a classification of amine where the amino group is attached to three carbon groups

Aldehydes

contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to hydrogen

Ketones

contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms

Aldehyde

CH3C=OH is an example of what

Ketones

CH3CH2C=OCH3 is an example of what

Carboxylic Acid

contains a -COOH group

Carboxylic Acid

CH3COOH is an example of what

Carboxylic Esters

a derivative of carboxylic acid where the H of the carboxyl group is replaced by a carbon group (-COOR)

Carboxylic Esters

CH3COOCH2CH3 is an example of what

Amides

a derivative of the carboxylic acid where the OH is replaced by an amino group

Amides

CH3CONH2 is an example of what

Primary

a classification of amides where the carbon the amino is attached to is bonded to one carbon group

Secondary

a classification of amides where the carbon the amino is attached to is bonded to two carbon groups

Tertiary

a classification of amides where the carbon the amino is attached to is bonded to three carbon groups

sigma bonds

what are single bonds called

pi bonds

what are double bonds called

109.5 degrees

what is the bond angles of alkanes

120 degrees

what is the bond angles of alkenes

180 degrees

what is the bond angles of alkynes

Alkyl Halides

halogens connected to the carbon chain

Ether

is respresented by ROR