Comp Prog Computer History

2400 BC: Abacus

the first known calculator, the ____, was invented in Babylonia

500 BC: Panini

the Indian Mathematician introduces the forerunner to modern formal language theory

300 BC: Pingala

invents the binary number system

87 BC: Antikythera Mechanism

Built in Rhodes to track movement of the stars

60 AD: Heron of Alexandria

invents machines which are able to follow a series of instructions; known for Aeolipile or Heron's Engine

724: Liang Ling-Can

invents the first fully mechanical clock

1492: Leonardo da Vinci

Drawings by ____ depict inventions such as flying machines, including a helicopter, the first mechanical calculator and one of the first programmable robots

1614: John Napier

invents a system of moveable rods (Napier's Rods) based on logarithms which were able to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots

1622: William Oughtred

develops the slide rule (it was circular in shape)

1623: Wilhelm Schickard

invented the Calculating Clock

1642: Blaise Pascal

invents the “Pascaline”, a mechanical adding machine

1671: Gottfried Leibniz

becomes known as one of the founding fathers of calculus

1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard

invents an automatic loom controlled by punched cards

1820: Arithmometer

was the first mass-produced calculator invented by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar

1822: Charles Babbage

designs his first mechanical computer

1834: Analytical Engine

was invented by Charles Babbage

1835: Morse Code

is invented by Samuel Morse

1848: Boolean algebra

is devised by George Boole

1853: Tabulating Machine

is invented by Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard

1869: William Stanley Jevons

designs a practical logic machine

1878: Ramon Verea

invents a fast calculator with an internal multiplication table

1880: Alexander Graham Bell

invents the telephone called the Photophone

1884: Comptometer

is operated by pressing keys is developed by Dorr E. Felt

1890: Herman Hollerith

invents a counting machine which has increment mechanical counters

1895: Guglielmo Marconi

develops radio signals

1896: Tabulating Machine Company

is formed by Herman Hollerith which later becomes IBM

1898: Nikola Tesla

invents the remote control

1906: Lee De Forest

devises the first electronic tube

1911: IBM

is formed on June 15, 1911

1923: Philo Farnsworth

devises the first fully electronic television

1924: John Logie Baird

invents the Electro Mechanical television system

1924: Walther Bothe

develops the logic gate

1930: Vannevar Bush

develops a partly electronic Difference Engine (the precursor to the digital computer)

1931: Kurt Godel

publishes a paper on the use of a universal formal language

1937: Alan Turing

develops the concept of a theoretical computing machine

1938: Konrad Zuse

creates the Z1 Computer a binary digital computer using punch tape

1939: George Stibitz

develops the Complex Number Calculator - a foundation for digital computers

1939

year when William Hewlett and David Packard start their computer company

1939: John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry

develop the ABC (A___-B___ Computer) prototype

1943: Enigma

Adolf Hitler uses the ____ encryption machine

1943: Colossus

Alan Turing develops the code-breaking machine ____

1944: Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper

design the MARK series of computers at Harvard University

1945: ENIAC

John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly develop the _____

Grace Hopper

the term computer 'bug' is first used by ____

1946: F.C. Williams

develops his cathode-ray tube (CRT) storing device, the forerunner to random-access memory (RAM)

1947: Pilot ACE

Donald Watts Davies joins Alan Turing to build the fastest digital computer in England at the time, the Pilot ACE

1947: William Shockley

invents the transistor at Bell Labs

1947: Douglas Engelbart

theorizes on interactive computing with keyboard and screen display instead of on punchcards

1948: Andrew Donald Booth

invents magnetic drum memory

1948: Frederic Calland Williams & Tom Kilburn

develop the SSEM "Small Scale Experimental Machine" digital CRT storage which was soon nicknamed the "Baby"

1949: Claude Shannon

built the first machine that plays chess

1949: Howard Aiken

develops the Harvard-MARK III

1950: Hideo Yamachito

creates the first electronic computer in Japan

1950: Alan Turing

publishes his paper - Computing Machinery and Intelligence which helps create the Turing Test

1951: Lyons Electronic Office (LEO)

T. Raymond Thompson and John Simmons develop the first business computer, the _________

1951: UNIVAC

is introduced the first commercial computer made in the United States and designed principally by Joh Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly

1951: EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)

begins performing basic tasks. Unlike the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal

1953: The IBM 701

becomes available and a total of 19 are sold to the scientific community

1954: John Backus & IBM

develop the FORTRAN Computer Programming Language

1955: Bell Labs

introduces its first transistor computer (TRADIC) Transistor Digital Computer or Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer

1956: Optical fibre

is invented by Basil Hirschowitz, C. Wilbur Peters, and Lawrence E. Curtiss

1957: Sputnik I and Sputnik II

are launched by the Russians

1958: Silicon chip

the first integrated circuit, or silicon chip, is produced by Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce

1958

year ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) and NASA is formed

1959: Paul Baran

theorizes on the "survivability of communication systems under nuclear attack", digital technology and symbiosis between humans and machines

1960

the year the Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) programming

language is invented

Common Business-Oriented Language

COBOL

1961: Unimate

General Motors puts the first industrial robot, ___, to work in a New Jersey factory

1962: The first computer game

the Spacewar Computer Game is created invented by Steve Russell & MIT

1963: The Computer Mouse

Douglas Engelbart invents and patents the ______.

1963: The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

is developed to standardize data exchange among computers

1064: Word processor

IBM introduces the first word processor

1964: BASIC

John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz develop Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (BASIC) Language

1965: Hypertext

Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson coined the term ___

1967: Floppy Disk

IBM creates the first floppy disk

1969: Seymour Cray

develops the CDC 7600, the first supercomputer

1969: Gary Starkweather

invents the laser printer whilst working with Xerox

1969: ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)

The U.S. Department of Defence sets up with the intention of creating a computer network that can withstand any type of disaster. It becomes the first building block for what the internet is has become today

1970: RAM

Intel introduces the world’s first available dynamic RAM (random-access memory) chip and the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004

1971: E-mail

is invented by Ray Tomlinson1971:

1971: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

is developed by James Fergason

1971: Pocket calculator

is invented by Sharp Corporation1

1971: Floppy Disk

is created by David Noble with IBM, nicknamed for its flexibility

1972: First Video Game

Atari releases Pong

1972: The CD

compact disc

1973: Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs

creates the Ethernet, a local-area network (LAN) protocol

1973: Personal computer

:The minicomputer Xerox Alto (1973) was a landmark step in the development of personal computers

1973: Gateways

Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn develop gateway routing computers to negotiate between the various national networks

1974: SQL (Structured English Query Language)

IBM develops SEQUEL

1974: WYSIWYG:

Charles Simonyi coins the term ____ to describe the ability of being able to display a file or document exactly how it is going to be printed or viewed

1975: Portable computers

: The Altair 8800 is developed by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and the first personal home computer is released on 23 Jan, 1975

1975: Microsoft Corporation

: is founded April 4, 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800

1976: Apple: Apple Computers

is founded by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs on 1 Apr 1976 (April Fools Day)

1977: Apple Computer's Apple II

the first personal computer with colour graphics, is demonstrated

1977: MODEM

Ward Christensen writes the programme ___ allowing two microcomputers to exchange files with each other over a phone line

1978: Magnetic tape

The first magnetic tape is developed in the US

1979:

Over half a million computers are in use in the United States in this year

1980

IBM hires Paul Allen and Bill Gates to create an operating system for a new PC. They buy the rights to a simple operating system manufactured by Seattle Computer Products and use it as a template to develop DOS (year)

1981

MS-DOS Computer Operating System increases its success

1982

year that introduced WordPerfect 1.0 a word processing programs