Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Pain Relief During Childbirth

A set of flashcards aimed at reinforcing key concepts about pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic pain management during childbirth.

What are the common non-pharmacologic pain management techniques during labor?

Massage, hypnosis, acupressure, breathing techniques, relaxation techniques, and providing a comfortable environment.

What are the key phases of breathing techniques during labor?

Latent phase, active phase, transition phase, and Stage II (open-glottis grunting).

What is the effect of pharmacologic pain management on the fetus?

It may decrease fetal heart rate (FHR) variability and can potentially depress the newborn if administered late in labor.

What are some opioid analgesics used during labor?

Meperidine, fentanyl, butorphanol, and nalbuphine.

What nursing action should be taken prior to administering narcotics during labor?

Document baseline maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate.

What should the nurse monitor after administering pain relief medications during labor?

Maternal vital signs, fetal heart rate, and uterine contractions.

What is an epidural block?

A form of regional anesthesia where local anesthetic is injected into the epidural space for pain relief during labor.

What risks are associated with epidural administration?

Maternal hypotension, bladder distension, prolonged second stage labor, and the need for potential catheter re-insertion.

What should be done if hypotension occurs after epidural placement?

Turn the patient to the left side, increase IV fluids, administer oxygen, and notify healthcare provider.

What is the purpose of spinal anesthesia during childbirth?

It is typically used for Cesarean deliveries to provide complete pain relief and loss of motor function below the block.

What adverse effects can occur with general anesthesia?

Maternal and neonatal respiratory depression and aspiration of gastric contents.

What is nitrous oxide and how is it used in labor?

A gas used for pain relief during labor, inhaled by the patient to self-administer doses.

How should a nurse respond to a patient experiencing pruritus after receiving an epidural?

Assess the situation; if severe, consult healthcare provider for antipruritic medication and monitor other vital signs.