Orgo Chem Exam 1 Content

gen. name for 1 carbon compound?

methane

gen. name for 2 carbon compound?

ethane

gen. name for 3 carbon compound?

propane

gen. name for 4 carbon compound?

butane

gen. name for 5 carbon compound?

pentane

gen. name for 6 carbon compound?

hexane

gen. name for 7 carbon compound?

heptane

gen. name for 8 carbon compound?

octane

gen. name for 9 carbon compound?

nonane

gen. name for 10 carbon compound?

decane

gen. name for 11 carbon compound?

undecane

gen. name for 12 carbon compound?

dodecane

naming for alkenes?

drop “-ane” replace with “-ene”

naming for alkynes?

drop “-ane” replace with “-yne”

naming for alcohols?

drop “-ane” replace with “-nol”

naming for rings?

add “cyclo-” before name as prefix

naming for ethers?

add “ether” at the end

naming for aldehydes?

drop “-e” replace with “-al”

naming for ketones?

drop “-e” replace with “-one”

naming for carboxylic acids?

drop “-e” replace with “-oic acid”

alkane?

hydrocarbons with single C-C bond

alkene?

hydrocarbons with double C-C bond

alkynes?

hydrocarbons with triple C-C bond

aromatic hydrocarbon?

derivative of benzene, 6 membered ring

alcohols?

organic compound containing (OH-) group

ethers?

composed of 2 alkyl groups bonded to O

ketone?

2 alkyl groups bonded to 1 carbonyl group

aldehyde?

1 alkyl group bonded to 1 carbonyl group

carboxylic acids?

contain carboxyl group -COOH

amines?

alkylated derivatives of ammonia

amides?

acid derivatives that result from a combination of an acid with ammonia or an amine

nitriles?

compound containing cyano group -C(triple bond)N

electrophile

Lewis Acids: species that can accept e- pairs

nucleophile

Lewis Bases: species that can donate e- pairs

as EN, ionic size, inductive effect, resonance stability ______… acidity ______

increases, increases

what is the stability order of hybridization?

sp3 < sp2 « sp

acetic acid pka?

4.76

water pka?

15.7

to convert pka to ka?

pka = -log(ka)

to convert ka to pka?

ka = 10^-pka

degree of alkyl substitution

just look at picture

general formula for amount of C and H in an organic compound?

CnH2n+2

θ = 0

eclipsed conformation

θ = 60

staggered conformation

θ = anything else

skew conformation

θ = 0 for BUTANE

totally eclipsed

θ = 60 for BUTANE

gauche

θ = 120 for BUTANE

eclipsed

θ = 180 for BUTANE

anti

axial bonds

C-H bonds directed parallel to axis of ring

equatorial bonds

C-H bonds pointed out of ring

when products have greater energy than the reactants this reaction is considered ______

endothermic

when reactants have greater energy than the products this reaction is considered ______

exothermic

initiation step

no radicals → 2 radicals

propagation step

1 radical + 1 product → 1 radical + 1 product

termination step

2 radicals → 1 product no radicals

homolytically breaking a bond

each bonded atom retains one of the bond’s 2 e-s

heterolytically breaking a bond

one atom retains both e-s

rate law

rate = kr[A]^a[B]^b

when concentration of reactant doubles and rate law doubles

first order

when concentration of reactant doubles and rate law quadruples

second order

when concentration of reactant doubles and rate law remains the same

zero order

what is the special name of this group?

isobutyl

what is the special name of this group?

sec-butyl

what is the special name of this group?

isopropyl

what is the special name of this group?

tert-butyl