Anatomy Exam 1

P wave

Represents atrial depolarization and indicates that the atria contract.

QRS complex

Represents ventricular depolarization and indicates that the ventricles contract.

T wave

Represents ventricular repolarization and indicates that the ventricles relax.

Right Atrium

Receives blood coming from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Right Ventricle

Pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.

Left Atrium

Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins.

Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body via the aorta.

Myocardium

The structure of the heart wall that consumes the most energy.

Coronary circuit

Delivers blood to the myocardium to supply it with oxygen and nutrients.

Heart murmur

A sound associated with abnormal backflow of blood, often detected through auscultation.

Intercalated disks

Facilitate extremely fast communication among myocardial cells.

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

The structure responsible for setting the heart's pace in a normal heart.

Lub-dup heart sounds

Produced by the closure of atrioventricular valves (lub) and semilunar valves (dup).

Cardiac output

Determined by heart rate and stroke volume.

Cardiac reserve

The difference between resting and maximal cardiac output, can be improved by regular exercise.

QRS complex of an ECG

Represents ventricular depolarization.

Veins

Blood vessels that conduct blood toward the heart, regardless of oxygen content.

Tunica media

The most critical blood vessel component in regulating systemic blood pressure.

Systemic veins and venules

Contain the majority of the body’s blood volume at any one time.

Baroreceptors

Detect changes in stretch in arterial walls.

Lymphatic vessels

Reclaim fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the cardiovascular system.

Acute blood loss consequences

Loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen transport.

Erythropoietin

Stimulates red blood cell production, increased levels can lead to increased blood viscosity.

Type A– transfusion reaction

Type A– person may react negatively to Type O– due to presence of anti-A antibodies.

Neutrophil count

Indicative of a bacterial infection.

Leukemia

Overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

Megakaryocyte

The precursor cell to platelets.

Gas transport blood cell type

Erythrocytes are responsible for gas transport.