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Centrifugal Force
A force that threatens the cohesion of a neighborhood, society, or country
Centripetal Force
A force that brings people together and unifies a neighborhood, society, or country
Colonialism
The act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which becomes known as a colony
Contagious Diffusion
The wavelike spread of ideas in the manner of a contagious disease or forest fire, moving throughout space without regard for hierarchy
Creole
A combined language that has a fuller vocabulary than a pidgin language and becomes a native language
Cultural Relativism
An approach to understanding other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic
Cultural Trait
A single aspect of a given culture or society
Ethnic Group
A people of common ancestry and cultural tradition; characterized by a strong feeling of group identity
Ethnocentric Approach
An approach to understanding other cultures that evaluates them from the perspective of the observer's culture
Hierarchical Diffusion
Occurs when ideas leapfrog from one important person, community, or city to another, bypassing other persons, communities, or rural areas
Imperialism
The motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory
Indigenous Culture
A local culture that is no longer the dominant ethnic group within its traditional homeland because of migration, colonization, or political marginalization
Language
a mutually agreed-upon system of symbolic communication that has a spoken and usually a written expression.
Lingua Franca
A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue
Local Culture
Rural, ethnically homogeneous culture that is deeply connected to the local land; the opposite of popular culture
Long-Lot Settlement
A linear settlement pattern in which each farmstead is situated at one end of a long, narrow rectangular lot; each lot has access to a major linear resource, usually a river or major road
Material Culture
The physical, visible objects made and used by members of a cultural group; includes buildings, furniture, clothing, food, artwork, and musical instruments
Modernist Architecture
A functional, rational, and orderly style for building designs
Multiculturalism
A set of policies that promote the active participation and inclusion of minority groups in national histories, national politics, and cultural institutions with the goal of embracing difference with society
Nonmaterial Culture
Intangible elements of culture including a wide range of beliefs, values, myths, and symbolic meanings passed from generation to generation within given society
Pidgin
A trade language, characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact
Placelessness
a feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment, increasingly on a global scale, that diminishes regional variation and eliminates the unique meanings associated with specific locations
Placemaking
Efforts to use and design public places to better serve the needs of residents and to foster a stronger community
Popular Culture
Heterogeneous culture that is more influenced by key urban areas and quick to adopt new technologies; opposite of a local culture
Postmodern Architecture
A design style that is a reaction against modernist architecture; it has a flair for the dramatic, creating a spectacle while serving a variety of functions
Religion
A structured set of beliefs and practices through which people seek mental and physical harmony with the powers of the universe
Sacred Space
Natural or human-made sites that possess religious meaning and are recognized as worthy of devotion, loyalty, fear, or esteem
Secular
Less influenced or controlled by religion
Sense of Place
How a person feels about a particular place and why it's important to them
Sequent Occupance
Refers to the fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over a period of time; those groups have reshaped the functions or meanings of these places and left behind layers of meaning
Stimulus Diffusion
Occurs when a specific trait is rejected, but the underlying idea is accepted
Cultural Landscape
A natural land that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values
Cultural Relativism
The evaluation of a culture by its own standards
Culture
The beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation
Ethnocentrism
The tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture
Gendered Spaces
a space designed and deliberately incorporated into the landscape to accommodate gender roles
Sequent Occupance
the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
Toponym
place name
Commodification
Transformation of goods and services into products that can be bought, sold, or traded
Cultural Appropriation
When one culture adopts customs and knowledge from another culture and uses them for its own benefit.
Distance Decay
Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth
Folk Culture
small homogeneous population; mostly rural and cohesive in cultural traits that are passed down from generation to generation
Hearth
Area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates.
Popular Culture
cultural traits such as dress, diet, and music that identify and are part of today's changeable, urban-based, media-influenced, western societies
Time-Space Compression
Increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communication and transportation networks.
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Flashcard (46)