Biology classification study guide

Binomial nomenclature

Linnaeus way of naming organisms using 2 latin name - 1st is genus name - 2nd is specific

Genus name is capitalized

Linnaeus

Scientist who developed the binomial nomenclature system

Created early system of a taxa

2 biggest divisions were plants and animals

Genus

A group of closely relates species

Ex: panthers

Species

Most specific level of classification

Can interbreed

Typological is based on physical characteristics (older version)

Biological can interbreed and produce offspring

Phylum

Group of classes

Kingdom

2 original: plants and animals

Linnaeus’ kingdom and phylum are what?

The 2 largest groups of classification

Mammalia

Class of vertebrates

Classified by warm blood, fur/hair, mammary glands (milk for offspring)

Derived characteristic

Trait that is present in an organism but not its common ancestor

Kingdom of eukaryotes

Domain that has 4 kingdoms

Everything has membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

Cladograms

Tree-like diagram that shows evolutionary relationships based on derived characteristics

Does show degree of relatedness

Common ancestry

Idea that different species all have a common ancestor from the same lineage

Similar DNA sequences in genes

Kingdom of fungi

Heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients from other things

Ex: yeasts, mold, mushrooms

Can be unicellular or multicellular

Archaebacteria

Prokaryotic and microorganisms

Extreme bacteria’s (high temperature and extreme climates)

Ancient bacteria thought to be around when earth was still forming

Why are common names not useful for scientists when naming a new species

Can be confusing + scientific names provide a universal language

What does the Linnaean system of classification involve or use

His system is based on categories based on common morphology and habitat (what u can see with ur eyes)

What is the format that species are named

2 part Latin name (homo sapiens)

What are the 2 highest level of taxa in the Linnaean system?

Kingdom and phylum

Traditional classifications took into account 2 things. What are they?

Morphology and habitat

What are the two kingdoms that life was divided into during LINNAEAS’ time?

Plantar and animalia

Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called?

Monera

The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are?

Bacteria and archaea