AP classroom questions unit 8 Disorders

A critical component for labeling a person's behavior as abnormal is that the behavior must

interfere with some aspect of the person's life

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

Somatoform

All of the following are anxiety disorders EXCEPT

conversion disorder

A man who experiences sudden blindness on witnessing the death of his wife is probably suffering from a

conversion disorder

An individual diagnosed as having a somatoform disorder would be most likely to show

a biologically unfounded loss of bodily functioning

An individual has recurring unwanted thoughts of doing harm to his family. This is consistent with a diagnosis of

obsessive-compulsive disorder

An item on a psychological test asks whether the test taker believes radio news stations are delivering special messages to the test taker that others cannot detect. Jason takes the test and answers yes to this question, because he recently detected messages to him embedded in a radio broadcast. Jason appears to be experiencing

delusions of reference

A person who experiences prolonged episodes of severe unhappiness and loss of interest in life would most likely be diagnosed with

major depressive disorder

A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is best described as an individual who experiences

persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts

A somatoform disorder is best described as an illness that

is physical in nature and caused by psychological factors

Bernadette has lacked enthusiasm for work and other activities for a number of years. She also has a poor appetite and feels fatigued. Which of the following disorders is most consistent with Bernadette's symptoms?

Persistent depressive

Bertrand has been hearing voices that are not present in reality. In addition, he is having trouble clearly articulating his thoughts and has developed several strange mannerisms. These changes in Bertrand's thoughts and actions have made it awkward for him at work, and he has begun to accumulate absences. Bertrand's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Schizophrenia

Anthony thinks he will fail his math test because he believes he is terrible at math, even though he has passed his previous math tests. Which of the following explanations would the cognitive approach use to explain Anthony's behavior?

His irrational thoughts are causing him to doubt his abilities, even though he has evidence to show otherwise

Which of the following types of disorders is characterized by complaints of bodily symptoms that do not have a detectable medical cause but rather are caused by psychological factors?

Somatoform

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Eduardo repeatedly checks to make sure the oven is turned off throughout the night, which disrupts his sleep.

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT

due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

Delusional thinking is central to which of the following?

Schizophrenic disorders

Michelle has just learned that she failed a test. Which of the following of Michelle's possible explanations for failing the test would most likely indicate that Michelle is experiencing depression?

"I'm not very good at school and probably never will be."

The diathesis-stress approach would likely support which of the following statements about psychological disorders?

Disorders are a result of predisposed, biological factors triggered by the environment.

Distrust of others is symptomatic of

paranoia

During the past few years, Lester has experienced several episodes of devastating sadness, weight loss, feelings of worthlessness, and an inability to concentrate. Recently, Lester is experiencing tremendous elation, excessive excitement, racing thoughts, and elevated self-esteem. He has not slept for several days, claiming that he no longer needs a full night's sleep. Which diagnosis will Lester most likely receive from a clinical psychologist?

Bipolar disorder

For several weeks - ever since she did not receive a raise that was given to several colleagues - Enid has lacked energy, has been unable to go to work, and has expected bad things to happen every day. Of the following, she is most likely experiencing

depression

Janice has a strong, unreasonable fear of being embarrassed in front of strangers. When she is with others she does not know, she feels extremely insecure and worried. Janice's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Social anxiety

Trisha is afraid of leaving her house and if she attempts to walk outside, she has intense feelings of fear and panic. Trisha most likely would be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

Anxiety

While pregnant, Marley was exposed to the flu virus. Based on current research, which psychological disorder is Marley's child most likely to develop?

Schizophrenia, because flu virus exposure is positively correlated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.

Following the failure of his business, Mr. Jones disappeared and was discovered two years later in another state practicing law without a license. When questioned, he responded that he had found himself in a strange city and could not remember any personal information. Mr. Jones most likely would be diagnosed with

dissociative fugue

Fred is afraid to leave his house, and he is extremely apprehensive every time he has to go out in public. Fred is most likely to be diagnosed with which type of disorder?

Anxiety

Kent continually finds himself growing anxious about germs gathering on his skin. He can only decrease his anxiety by washing his hands. Soon, however, the anxiety returns, and he washes his hands again. He repeats this cycle dozens of times each day. Kent most likely is experiencing which psychological disorder?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

People who habitually wash their hands numerous times before going to bed most likely have

a compulsion

Hallucinations are characteristic of

psychotic disorders

Ed quit his job because he began to fear that his supervisor was spying on him. Ed frequently hears voices criticizing him, but in reality nobody is there. Ed's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Schizophrenia

Which contemporary approach asserts that psychological disorders occur when environmental factors negatively influence individuals who have genetic vulnerabilities to developing psychological disorders?

Diathesis-stress

Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs in their neighborhood. Which of the following best explains why Dalton developed his phobia of dogs?

Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior toward dogs.

Jimmy, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, sees images of cats everywhere even when no cats are present. What symptom is Jimmy most clearly demonstrating?

Hallucinations, because Jimmy's perception is incorrect.

Ever since she was a child, Henrietta has had an intense fear of clowns, even though she has never been hurt by one. She runs screaming whenever she sees one. Henrietta most likely has what psychological disorder?

A specific phobia

Jack believes that aliens are using electrical fields to steal thoughts from his head. It is most likely that Jack will be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders?

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic

Joan displays anxiety, irritability, inability to concentrate, and apathy. She also reexperiences a disastrous event through nightmares and vivid memories. Joan is experiencing

posttraumatic stress disorder

John regularly stops at the pharmacy to collect pamphlets that list symptoms of different illnesses, because he is worried about his health. Each day he carefully monitors his vital signs, and he also frequently meets with a physician. On his most recent visit, the physician suggested that John was perfectly healthy. With which of the following psychological disorders might John be diagnosed?

Hypochondriasis

Joseph never sleeps through the night. He wakes up at least once per hour to check all the doors and windows in his house to make sure they are locked and to check the stove to make sure it is turned off. Joseph's behavior would be classified as

a compulsion

Julio has fragmented thinking and distorted false beliefs. Which of the following psychological disorders is Julio most likely experiencing?

Responses

Schizophrenia

Charlene is experiencing problems that are most consistent with bipolar disorder. Which of the following scenarios most likely represents Charlene's situation?

For the last two weeks, Charlene has been unable to go to work because she has no energy or interest in anything, and she feels that life may not be worth living. Three weeks ago, however, she was optimistic and wildly euphoric and working 18 hours a day voluntarily.

Brett is exhibiting signs of dissociative amnesia. Which of the following scenarios would most likely depict Brett's situation?

Brett was at work in Seattle when a police officer asked if he was John Simons from Miami. Brett said no, but the officer showed him a picture of himself with a family he had no memory of. Brett did not remember how he got to Seattle and did not remember ever being named John.

Timothy, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, remains motionless for hours, no matter how awkward the position his body is in. What symptom is Timothy most clearly exhibiting?

Catatonia, because catatonia is a condition in which a person's body remains in a rigid state.

Multiple personality is a type of

dissociative disorder

One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?

Dopamine

While grocery shopping, John heard voices that seemed to be narrating his every action. The voices made statements such as "Now he is picking up the bread" and "Now he is putting the bread in his shopping cart." No one else heard the voices. John has heard voices narrating his behavior on several other occasions. What is John experiencing?

Hallucinations

Persistent repetitive thoughts that cannot be controlled are known as

obsessions

Phobic and panic disturbances are examples of which of the following kinds of disorder?

Anxiety

Regina is experiencing symptoms most consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder. Which of the following scenarios is most likely to describe Regina's situation?

Since she has returned from war, Regina has been having nightmares and is startled by every sound, believing she is in imminent danger.

Francine's therapist believes that her anxiety is the result of unresolved trauma from her childhood. Her therapist most likely endorses which of the following psychological perspectives?

Psychoanalytic

Psychotic disorders frequently involve perceptions of nonexistent sensory stimulation, such as voices. Symptoms such as these are called

hallucinations

Suzie feels anxious if she does not check six times to make sure she has turned out the lights prior to leaving her apartment. Recently she has felt the need to repeatedly check the fireplace, the iron, the stove, and the locks on all the doors. Suzie's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following statements best illustrates a social-cognitive explanation for the development of depression?

Yolanda ruminates about her failures, so she is more likely to develop depression.

Specific phobia differs from generalized anxiety disorder in which of the following ways

Specific phobia is linked to a particular stimulus, whereas generalized anxiety disorder is not.

Morris is exhibiting symptoms most consistent with illness anxiety disorder. Which of the following is most likely occurring?

After not eating breakfast, Morris' stomach growls and he feels a slight cramp. He panics and is convinced that he has stomach cancer

Which of the following is the term associated with psychologists not sharing their clients' personal information with others?

Confidentiality

Thomas is thirty years old and is very shy. He becomes anxious in social situations, so he avoids them. Thomas does not have close friends and rarely leaves his apartment. However, he writes a very successful and popular Internet blog, is usually content and calm while working at home, and has a positive relationship with his family. Psychologists would be hesitant to label Thomas as psychologically disordered because his behavior

does not appear to cause distress or impair his day-to-day functioning

Vance is a popular honors student who, unlike his reference group, writes his best papers sitting on his motorcycle in the basement of his college dormitory. His behavior can be considered abnormal only if abnormality is defined as

deviation from cultural norms

Vic has unpredictable and repeated attacks of overwhelming anxiety that frequently leave him dizzy, nauseous, short of breath, and in tears. A psychologist is likely to view Vic's behavior as indicative of

a panic disorder

Which of the following is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?

Disordered thinking

Which of the following psychological theories would explain posttraumatic stress disorder as being the result of irrational beliefs and ideas?

Cognitive

Which of the following individuals would most likely be classified as exhibiting a social phobia?

Priti, who is afraid of being humiliated when giving a speech

Which of the following is a common symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

Rapid speech

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations

Jamal is taking several honors courses this year and feels more pressure than he ever has before. He worries constantly about school, and because of the time he must devote to studying, he also worries about his relationship with his girlfriend. He is often restless, and his family thinks he gets irritated more than he used to. Even though he feels academic pressure, he often struggles to stay focused on his schoolwork, and his grades are suffering. Jamal's problems are most consistent with which of the following disorders?

Generalized anxiety