Exam 1: History

John Bartrum

• the first botanical garden in the new world

• was friends with Benny Frank, Lenaus

• father of william bartrum

William Bartrum

• first trained scientist to travel through America

  • started to do more bird stuff

  • observations, opinions

  • comments on avian migration

• classification is species did not go well for him

• Elements of Botany

  • book he illustrated for

Annie Bartrum

• illustrator, art instructor

• mystery birdman shows up (Alexander Wilson)

Alexander Wilson

• the Father of American Ornithology

• had to door to door sell his book

  • book was pretty good

• started to estimate population numbers

• some of Wilson’s notes/specimens are actually from Charles Peale

• painter and a scientist

John James Audubon

• interested in Wilson's work, in a rivalry way perhaps

• Birds of North America

• painter, not a scientist

Charles Peale

• over 700 preserved specimens

• Museum Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences

• he is that guy from PA history class with all the cool paintings

Lewis and Clark

• worked with Wilson

• talked about expectations, sending back specimens

Spencer Baird

• started the precursor to the Smithsonian Institute

Frank Gill

Texbook author

Rachel Carson

• regular at Hawk Mountain

• Silent Spring

Hawk Mountain - history

• top 10 most influential birding locations

• Rosalie Edge

  • started the sanctuary 

  • 1934

  • socialistine, conservationist 

• before it was a sanctuary birds would be shot down, predators = bad

• Mtn became for sale during the Great Depression 

Hawk Mountain - ridge orientation

• ridge and valley providence of PA

• HM is on the last mountain of the southeast

• birds use it as a corridor for migration, following it down

• cold fronts change the wind to the northwest 

  • hits the ridge perpendicular, creates an updraft which is good for migration

• peregrine falcons prefer wind gusts 

Hawk Mountain - thermal

• seasonal, better in the fall

• hot pockets of air on the side of mountains 

• broadwing hawks have the best morphology for updrafts 

• turkey vultures love thermals, vultures in general

Cape May Bird Observatory

• at the bottom of jersey

• geography makes it a good place for bird watching 

• funnel shaped, goes up the delaware bay, up the coast

  • funnels the birds down until they have to go over the bay

• traps rare birds that may not typically be there