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What was the main reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Weak leadership and internal strife.
What was the role of the British Raj?
Direct rule by the British government over India.
What was the significance of the Battle of Plassey?
It marked the beginning of British control over Bengal.
Who was the last significant Mughal emperor?
Last significant Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ruled from 1658 to 1707. His reign is noted for the expansion of the empire to its greatest territorial extent, marked by controversial policies that contributed to internal strife and the eventual decline of the Mughal power.
What was the impact of the British railways on India?
Facilitated trade and movement across the country.
Define ‘Swadeshi’ in the context of the Indian independence movement.
A movement promoting Indian goods and boycotting foreign products.
What economic policy did the British implement in India?
Drain of wealth policy.
What was the importance of the 1919 Rowlatts Act?
It allowed the British to detain Indians without trial.
What was the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
A tragic massacre of Indians by British troops in 1919.
What was the purpose of the Quit India Movement?
To demand an end to British rule in India.
Define ‘Satyagraha’.
A nonviolent resistance strategy developed by Gandhi.
Who were the key figures in the non-cooperation movement?
Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.
What was the impact of World War I on India?
Increased nationalism and demands for independence.
What was the goal of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms?
To increase self-governance and political participation in India.
What social reform did the British implement in India?
Abolition of sati (the practice of widow immolation).
What was the main cause of the Indian Famine of 1943?
British mismanagement and wartime policies.
What did the Government of India Act 1935 establish?
Provincial autonomy and a federal structure.
What was the significance of the Indian National Congress in the freedom struggle?
It was the primary political party advocating for Indian independence.
Who was the first Governor-General of India under British rule?
Warren Hastings.
What was the main educational reform introduced by the British?
Establishment of English-medium schools and colleges.
Define ‘Dyarchy’ introduced in 1919 reforms.
A dual form of government where powers are shared between British and Indian officials.
What was the role of women in the Indian independence movement?
They participated in protests and movements advocating for rights and independence.
What was the significance of the Poona Pact?
An agreement that aimed to resolve the issue of separate electorates for minorities.
What was the outcome of the 1947 Partition of India?
Creation of two independent dominions: India and Pakistan.
Who was responsible for the philosophy of 'Hindu-Muslim unity'?
Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
What was the focus of the All India Muslim League?
To promote and safeguard Muslim political interests in India.
What did the concept of 'secularism' mean for India post-independence?
Equal treatment of all religions by the state.
What was the Nashik conspiracy case?
A significant case that involved revolutionary activities against British rule.
What was the importance of the Germ of Indian Nationalism?
Formation of a collective identity and unity among diverse Indian groups.
What was the result of the Government of India Act 1919?
Increased Indian representation but limited self-governance.
Who were the revolutionary leaders in the fight for Indian independence?
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Shivaram Rajguru.
What was the main function of the Indian Civil Service established by the British?
To administer British policies and maintain order in India.
How did the British exploit Indian agriculture?
Imposing heavy taxes, leading to famine and poverty.
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