Principles of Management CLEP

Which of the following basic leadership styles most closely matches the "high structure, low consideration" of the Ohio State leadership studies?

Telling

Preparation of which of the following is the most logical first step in developing an annual operating plan?

A sales forecast by product

In the Generic Competitive Model, which of these would describe a competitor who concentrates on a small market niche and attempts to offer products to that niche at the lowest price?

Focused Cost Leader

In Michael Porter's five forces model of global environmental scanning, which of the following is one of the five forces?

Power of suppliers

What aspect of job design involves adding tasks to a job to make it more variable and more interesting?

Job enlargement

The use of transactional leadership is based on the concept of which of the following?

Using rewards and coercive power

The process of discovering relationships and patterns in large amounts of data is called data

mining

Lean manufacturing and Lean control techniques are designed to help organizations be more productive by eliminating

Waste

The hierarchy of needs theory argues that deficiency needs must be met before the push to satisfy growth needs drives personal growth. The individual most commonly associated with this theory is

Abraham Maslow

Which generic competitive strategy targets a very specific niche market and offers customers a unique set of product benefits?

Focused differentiation

 According to equity theory, after an employee receives a reward for performance, what is the next step the employee takes in the motivation process?

Comparing the reward with a self-selected comparison group or person

Group or team cohesiveness is usually influenced by which of the following?

Identification with the group by its members

Which of the following is a quantitative technique that can be used to predict employee performance based on such factors as education, seniority, job-related skills, and job satisfaction?

Regression modeling

The distortion or withholding of information to manage someone's reaction is called

filtering

Which of the following people is associated with the development of the Theory X and Theory Y model?

Douglas McGregor

Which of the following practices enhances job content by building into the job more motivating factors such as responsibility, achievement, recognition, and personal growth, as advocated by Frederick Herzberg?

Job enrichment

In the Generic Competitive Model, which of these would describe a competitor who concentrates on a small market niche and attempts to offer products to that niche at the lowest price?

Focused Cost Leader

Ying belongs to a group of workers who are given administrative oversight of the group's planning, scheduling, monitoring, and staffing. Which of the following best describes the type of team to which Ying belongs?

Self-managed

The manager most famous for developing the earliest model of management functions, which led to the modern POLC model we use today is:

Henri Fayol

Which competitive strategy from Porter's generic model uses unique product aspects to convince customers to pay a higher price?

Differentiated competition

Which type of decision typically involves extensive data collection and detailed analysis?

Non-programmed decision

A type of control device for assessing the progress of planned activities and the expenditure of resources allocated to their accomplishments is referred to as

a budget

A manager decides to lay off 10 percent of the workforce and justifies the action by noting that 90 percent still have jobs and the company will remain solvent. This manager has utilized which of the following views of ethics?

Utilitarian view of ethics

The management process that involves motivating people to work hard to reach organizational goals is:

Leading

Which of the following organizational designs groups employees by what they do?

Functional

Large organizations are likely to structure their work operations and personnel in any of the following ways EXCEPT

accounting

Which of the following personality traits best describes individuals who can adapt and adjust their behavior to external factors?

High self-monitoring

Frederick Taylor is considered a pioneer in the school of management referred to as the

scientific management school

Which of the following is a conflict-resolution practice that seeks to satisfy both parties in a conflict?

Collaboration

Which of the following is the primary concern of employees responsible for strategic planning in a company?

Determining how to pursue long-term goals with available resources

What forecasting technique involves soliciting best-guesses and opinions from a broad variety of experts and then summing or averaging their responses?

Delphi technique

According to Maslow, the need to feel genuinely respected by peers, both in and out of the work environment, is included in which of the following need classifications?

Esteem

Decentralization tends to be encouraged by which of the following business trends?

I. Product diversification

II. Telecommuting

III. Geographical expansion of operations

I, II, and III

Which of the following pairs of functions of management are most closely interdependent?

Planning and controlling

Intrinsic rewards can be classified as rewards that do which of the following?

Provide a sense of achievement and accomplishment.

Which of the following styles of leadership is most likely to be effective with workers who have experience and are professionally oriented?

Achievement-oriented

A multinational company expands its operation to Brazil and hires Brazilians to manage the operation of the new branch. The company is using which type of approach to expand its operations?

Polycentric

Under what circumstances is transactional leadership least likely to be effective?

Periods of great change and uncertainty

Which organizational approach is most to provide standardization and efficiency/lower cost?

Centralized

Which of the following is most commonly used to measure the total productivity of a company?

The ratio between total outputs and total inputs

Which of the following is the primary purpose of the management-by-objectives (MBO) approach?

Aligning goal setting and planning

Which of the following oversees the transformation process that converts inputs such as labor and raw materials into outputs such as goods and services?

Operation management

The practice in large companies of establishing autonomous divisions whose heads are entirely responsible for what happens in the division is referred to as

decentralization of authority

The ratio of output to input gives a measure of

productivity

The span of control most appropriate in a given organization is primarily influenced by which of the following?

Amount of supervision needed by subordinates

Which of these is a strategic planning tool that allows the assessment of an organization's strengths and weaknesses in responding to possible external events?

SWOT Analysis

The process of a disinterested party intervening in a dispute, with the power to bind the disputants to an agreement is called

arbitration

Which of the following management activities is most typically described as a controlling function?

Budgetary review

Transformational leaders who offer their followers an inspiring vision of the future are using which tool?

Inspirational motivation

Which of the following best describes a team that brings together organizational members from various areas such as marketing, engineering, human resources, and production to work on a task?

Cross-functional

The statement that describes an organization's reason for being is best described as:

Mission Statement

Which of the following terms best describes leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by stressing rewards and the consequences of not conforming to expectations?

Transactional

If a manager announces a casual-dress policy on Fridays and then comes to work dressed casually on the following Friday, this is an example of

leading

What economic principle describes the reduction of unit costs that come when the number of units produced is increased?

Economies of scale

Which of the following basic leadership styles most closely matches the "high structure, low consideration" of the Ohio State leadership studies?

Telling

Which of the following types of questions would be the best to use during a job interview?

Open-ended

The breakeven point is defined as the level of production at which

total revenue is sufficient to cover total costs

If an investor buys a stock based on the recommendation of a broker because the broker's previous recommendations have been profitable, the broker possesses which type of power?

Expert

What curve shows the progress of sales of a new product from initial launch to final decline?

Product Life Cycle Curve

In one stage of group development, group members come to accept and understand one another; differences are resolved and members develop a sense of team cohesion. This stage of group development is known as

Norming

Who among the following was important in the scientific management field for promoting motion studies?

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Which of the following is NOT an input, according to equity theory?

Pay Incentives

Which of the following describes the critical path in a Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) process?

The most time-consuming sequence of events and activities

Which of the following theories of motivation states that people are demotivated by rewards that are perceived as unfair?

equity theory

Which of the following is the series of international standards designed to manage and minimize the harmful effects of businesses on the environment?

ISO 14000

Praise received from an employee's peers is best described as an example of

an extrinsic reward

In accordance with Herzberg's 2-factor theory, which factor can demotivate but are not likely to motivate employees?

Hygiene factors

The number of subordinates who directly report to a superior refers to the manager's

span of control

Which of the following is NOT an external environment force on an organization?

Human resources

Job enrichment can be an effective tool to achieve which of the following?

Increased job responsibility

What piece of US law requires a corporation to publish a corporate code of ethics?

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

A home builder dominates a market by offering attractive options, higher quality, and value-added services. Which of the following competitive strategies has the homebuilder adopted?

Differentiation

Expectancy theory tells us that employees will only be motivated by a promised reward

if they expect to be able to achieve the goal and earn the reward

Which of the following can be best determined by consulting an organization chart?

The connections of positions

The version of variable pay that involves compensation to employees based on the overall profitability of their organization is called

gainsharing

Which of the following words is NOT a step in the management process?

Producing

Which of the following best illustrates informal organization?

Groupings based on such factors as technical ability, seniority, and personal influence

Which of the following best describes the situation in which an employee arrives for work on time in order to avoid being placed on probation for a second time?

Negative reinforcement

The process of a disinterested party intervening in a dispute, with only the power to guide the disputants through a resolution process, is called

mediation

Which of the following best describes managerial ethics?

It is the standard of conduct that guides a person's decisions and behavior.

Which of the following control techniques is most likely to emphasize the importance of time?

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Coercive power involves the power to

punish

Very tightly-coupled control requires close constant feedback and frequent management corrections. What perception can this produce among employees?

a sense of distrust and micromanagement

McGregor's Theory Y states that workers

naturally enjoy work and see it as a source of fulfillment and satisfaction

When in group meetings, Mikhail routinely shows skills in reducing tension among members, supporting others' ideas, and showing sensitivity to the decreased performance of fellow members caused by fatigue. He is exhibiting which of the following types of group roles?

Maintenance

A performance-appraisal method that utilizes evaluation information from supervisors, employees, and coworkers is known as

360-degree feedback

Which of the following should be the first step in a decision-making process?

Defining the problem

The preparations that a small town might make for a visit by the President of the United States would be considered what type of plan?

Single-use

Which type of leadership depends on the possession of a "magnetic" personality and the ability to attract followers based on your personal characteristics?

Transformational

Which of the following models classifies products as stars, question marks, cash cows, or dogs?

The Boston Consulting Group Matrix

Which of the following is the most accurate description of a grapevine in an organization?

It plays an important role in organizations.

A large span of control throughout an organization invariably results in

a flat (horizontal) organizational structure

An international cultural matrix that identifies key characteristics of national cultures, including individuality and Power-Distance is called

The Hofstede Matrix

If the verbal and nonverbal parts of a manager's message are in conflict, research suggests that an employee usually should believe which of the following?

The nonverbal message only.