Hist 1301: Unit 1 (L1): From Vikings to Francisco Piazzaro

Where did Vikings Once Live?

Present day Scandinavia, Norway, Sweden, Finland

What were Vikings like?

They were very violent people who liked to attack monasteries. They vanished without a trace and stopped killing. They were also believed to be in the Western Hemisphere 500 years before Columbus.

Who were the Important Leaders of the Vikings?

Leif Ericson and Eric the Red

What were the Crusades?

In an open desire for exploration an attempt to take back the Holy Land in Jerusalem from the Muslims by the Catholic. Took Place over 300 years.

Who Ordered armies to attack Jerusalem?

Popes.

Also enticed Kings, Princes, and leaders to raise their armies without paying for it.

What did Popes do to Leaders who did not help?

Excommunicate

What was the First Organized Religion?

The Roman Catholic Church

What was another name for the Pope?

Pope Cardinal Bishop

What Happened During/After the Crusades?

When there was no fighting the Muslims talked with Christians which lead to trade.

What were the 2 Classes in Early European Life?

Serfs and Lords

What were Serfs?

They were very poor people who worked the land. Most stayed this way their whole lives and lived in small huts with thatch roofs. Their diets consisted of root crops such as carrots, potatoes, and onions. Only lives for 30 years on average and drank mostly water (sometimes milk). They didn’t bathe as they thought dirt shielded against disease.

What were Lords?

Also known as Lord of the Manner, lived in stone houses. Liked to feast in their homes and halls.Drank Meade (brewski). Bathed more often and had copper tubs

What is Meade?

Also known as brewski this was the oldest alcohol known.

Who was the traveler that went to China 4 times that brought pasta, spices, and silk to China?

Marco Polo

Who invented the printing press?

Guttenburg

How is the printing press revolutionary?

It helped to spread Christianity by making bibles cheaper and more accessible.

What happened to ships during this time?

They grew larger and could carry more supplies like horses. They were also powered by sails and the compass was invented during this time.

What is national unity?

The stability of a nation and no civil strife means more money for other things like exploration.

What was the First Nation to explore and what is its capital?

Portugal and Lisbon

Who was the leader of Portugal and how is he important?

Prince Henry was knows as “The Navigator” and was the leader from 1430-1460. He was a large advocate for sailing and explored the western coast of Africa. He starts spreading Christianity and brings back gold, timber (mahogany), and Ivory.

What happened when Prince Henry was asked to partake in the Slave Trade?

He said no the first time and then was convinced it would be helpful to convert the slaves into Christianity. They run it by the Pope and he agrees. Henry and the Pope make a lot of money off of it.

What else gets brought to China and is used for celebration?

Gunpowder

What country had 2 factions and what were they?

Spain. 1: Isabella and 2. Ferdinand. There was a civil war between the factions and after it ended Spain started exploring.

What does Christopher Columbus want to do?

He sets sail for Portugal from Italy but his main objective was to go to India in search of silk, gold, and spices.

How did Columbus acquire funding for his expedition?

Met with Portugal and France which both said no. Goes to Spain and is told no by Ferdinand but has intimate relations with Isabella and she sells her jewelry in order to fund his exploration.

What were the 3 Ships Columbus was given?

The Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.

What happened on Columbus’ exploration?

He was given 89 crew members and wanted to go from Spain to Canary Island while avoiding the Portugese (who wanted to destroy Spanish ships). Upon Arrival to Canary Island he loads up on supplies and sails west through the Atlantic Ocean landing in the Bahamas. He believed he was on and island off the coast of India.

What happened when Columbus got to the Bahamas?

His crew became impatient because they thought the voyage would take 2 weeks and they were low on food (eating rats). The crew wants to turn back and Columbus promises 3 days to India

Where does Columbus believe he found India?

He landed in the Dominican Republic/Haiti and called the natives Indians because he thought he landed there. The natives bring Spaniards food and flowers.

What did Columbus bring back?

He brought back corn which was worth more than gold.

What was he called?

He was named “The Admiral of the Sea”.

What happened in 1493 when Columbus goes back the Caribbean with 17 ships?

2 of his ships were damaged and he leaves some of his crew behind to take some “indians” for (proof). When he gets back he is not treated nicely because his crew raped and pillaged the native population. He made peace with the natives and reprimanded his crew.

What family was alexander the 6th from?

He was from the Borgia family and was from Spain.

What treaty did Alexander the 6th sign?

The Treaty of Tordesillas: Between Spain and Portugal for peace before war broke out. He creates an imaginary line where Portugal gets the east and Spain gets the west.

When else does Columbus set sail and what happens when he gets back?

1498 on 3rd voyage with 6 ships and in 1502 on his 4th voyage with 4 ships. When he gets back to Spain, he is called crazy and locked up. Never found India but proved the world was round and opened doors for additional exploration.

What happened to Ferdinand Magellen?

Portuguese who sets sail for Spain and wants to sail around the world. Has 7 ships but only comes back with 1. Sails around South America and ends up in the Philippines (Island of Manila) and was eaten by Cannibals.

Who discovered the Mexican Aztecs in Montezuma?

Colonel Cortez landed in Mexico with 1000 armed troops with guns and introduced horses to the Western Hemisphere.

What happened when the Aztecs were introduced to guns?

They were amazed with the armor, weapons, and horses. Aztecs conquered nearby tribes, their lands and enslaved them.

What is Tenochtitlan?

The major city of Aztecs which is modern day Mexico. Cortez wants to take over the Aztecs so he takes his army here and plans to kill Montezuma first.

What happens after Cortez conquered Tenochtitlan?

The Spaniards were victorious and Cortez stayed for several years to destroy the remaining Aztecs. Word traveled not to trust the Spanish.

Who is Pizzaro and what does he discover?

He sets sail for Spain and arrives in Peru discovering Incas. Arrives with guns, horses, and armor.

Who is the King of the Incas and what does Pizzaro do to him?

Atahualpa is the king and Pizzaro puts him into a room and is told to fill it with gold, silver, and jewels. This took months and it embarrassed the King.

What does Pizzaro make the King do?

He is told to convert to Christianity or be burned at the stake. He converts but gets strangled in order to get an Incan burial.