Philosophy: Morality of Self-Interest

These flashcards cover the key concepts and philosophies related to self-interest and morality discussed in the lecture.

Who was Epicurus and what was his ultimate conviction?

Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who believed that individuals can live in serene happiness through the continual experience of modest pleasures.

What is Epicurus's view on death?

Epicurus argued that death is nothing to us, as it does not concern the living or the dead since death is a deprivation of sensation.

What does Epicurus mean by 'pleasure and the good life'?

Epicurus stated that not every pleasure should be chosen, as some can lead to greater discomfort; prudence is essential for a truly pleasant life.

What is the basis of justice according to Epicurus?

Epicurus viewed justice as a naturalistic concept that arises from mutual advantage, meant to restrain men from harming one another.

What is psychological egoism according to Thomas Hobbes?

Psychological egoism is the view that all human actions are fundamentally motivated by self-interest.

According to Hobbes, what does the social contract entail?

The social contract is an agreement where individuals surrender certain freedoms to the authority in exchange for protection and a moral framework.

What are the criticisms of Hobbes's social contract?

Critics like Sorley and Schlick believed that Hobbes incorrectly deduced morality from societal agreements and that his view on egoism was ethically repulsive.

What is Ayn Rand's concept of ethical egoism?

Ayn Rand's ethical egoism posits that individuals are morally obligated to act in ways that serve their own long-term self-interest.

What are some virtues of Ayn Rand's Objectivism philosophy?

Virtues of Objectivism include rationality, productiveness, honesty, integrity, independence, justice, and pride.

What is the ideal social system according to Ayn Rand?

Rand advocates for laissez-faire capitalism, which she believes respects individual rights and limits government functions to protecting those rights.