DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Genomes

These flashcards cover key terms related to DNA, chromosomes, genes, and genomes, providing definitions to aid in understanding their roles and relationships.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical that all genetic material is made of.

Chromosome

A tightly coiled section of DNA; humans have 46 chromosomes in total.

Gene

A small section of DNA that codes for a particular type of protein.

Genome

The entire set of genetic material in an organism.

Double Helix

The shape of DNA, consisting of two strands twisted together.

Amino Acid

Basic building blocks of proteins, of which there are 20 different types.

Inherited Disease

A disease caused by genes passed from parents to offspring.

BRCA genes

Genes that increase the risk of breast cancer.

Sex Chromosomes

Chromosomes that determine an organism's sex; X and Y in humans.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes.