People in Psychology

Maslow

Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid representing hierarchy of human needs. (self-actualization)

Rogers

Client-centered; unconditional positive regard; transactional analysis (humanism)

Freud

psychoanalytic theory; id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms, fulfillment of dreams, free association

Gordan Allport

the father of the trait perspective of personality

Mary Cover Jones

"mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Peter" overcome fear of rabbits

John Watson

Early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning

BF Skinner

1904-1990; Field: behavioral; Contributions: created techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism's behavior in order to observe the effects of subsequent behavior; Studies: Skinner box

Pavlov

founder of classical conditioning while trying to study digestive system of dogs

Piaget

theorist that developed a series of stages in which an individual passes during cognitive development.

William James

1842-1910; Field: functionalism; Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; Studies: Pragmatism, The Meaning of Truth

Erikson

theorist who studied psychosocial development across the lifespan.

Wundt

"Father of Psychology"; introspection-first lab in Leipzig, Germany

Gilligan

Examined moral differences between boys and girls based on social rules and on ethic of caring and responsibility

Mary Whiton Calkins

First female president of the APA

Loftus

Researched the reliability of Eyewitness testimony & constructive memory

Schachter-Singer Theory

A theory of emotion that states that both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal must occur before an emotion is consciously experienced.

Adler

Inferiority complex, psychoanalytic

Horney

developed a theory based on basic anxiety; rejected the concept of penis envy

Eysenck

2 personality dimensions; extravert/introvert & emotional stability/instability.

Ainsworth

"Strange situation," stranger enters/mom leaves, secure, avoidant, anxious/ambivalent

Carl Jung

neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation

Festinger

cognitive dissonance

Milgram

an experiment devised in 1961 by Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, to see how far ordinary people would go to obey a scientific authority figure

Asch

conformity - tendency to go along with the views and actions of others, even if you know they are wrong - line test

Zimbardo

Stanford Prison Experiment/Lucifer Effect - Role Playing: People take on the role of what they feel are proper for the situation

Thorndike

Instrumental learning: cats; law of effect

Ebbinghaus

created the forgetting curve and serial position effect in memory

Terman

Created the Stanford-Binet intelligence test based on the Binet original, also did a longitudinal study of gifted children (Terman's Termites)

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

Spearman

proposed that general intelligence is linked to many clusters that can be analyzed by factor analysis (he made up factor analysis): "g" factor

Harlow

researcher that highlighted the importance of physical contact comfort in the formation of attachments with parents (monkeys)

Chomsky

Believed language was innate; developmental theorist

Binet

published first useful test of general mental ability; broke kids up into 'bright' and 'dull' by how they compared with both their chronological age and mental age

Kohlberg

theorist who claimed individuals went through a series of stages in the process of moral development. (Had them

Titchener

founder of structuralism